Title:An Outlook on Pathological Pathways of Diabetes and Molecular Mechanisms
of Anti-diabetic Phytobioactives
Volume: 1
Author(s): Km Rukhsar Anwar, Badruddeen*, Juber Akhtar, Mohammad Irfan Khan and Mohammad Ahmad
Affiliation:
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, (U.P.) 226026, India
Keywords:
Diabetes, pathological, phytobioactives, inflammatory, oxidative stress, anti-diabetic medicines.
Abstract:
Background & Purpose: Diabetes is a disease that has affected many people worldwide.
According to the World Health Organization, approximately 80% of humans still rely on
conventional or folk medicament in developed countries. The effectiveness of herbal medicines
was credited to the phytochemical components.
Objective: This review aims to highlight the pathological pathways of diabetes and the antidiabetic
mechanism of phytochemicals.
Materials and Methods: This organized search was compiled from the databases such as PubMed,
Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar till February 2023.
Results: Inflammatory and oxidative stress are mainly two examples of pathological pathways of
diabetes that are explored. The reported antidiabetic phytochemicals work by increasing insulin
secretion, lowering hepatic glucose output, controlling specific enzymes, and utilizing other
mechanisms. For instance, studies on α-glucosidase inhibitors, modulation peroxisome proliferator-
activated receptor-α, hypolipidaemic activity, antioxidants, inhibition of glycolytic enzymes
like phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, improvement of glycosylated haemoglobin and increased
expression of glucose transporters have been conducted.
Conclusion: Many natural secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) have significant potential for
the manufacture of marketable, new, and efficient anti-diabetic medicines which can be used for
clinical purposes.
