Manuscripts submitted for research and review articles in the respective journal should be divided
into the following sections
Text Organization
The main text should begin on a separate page and should be divided into Title page, Abstract and
the main text. The text may be subdivided further according to the areas to be discussed, which
should be followed by the List of Abbreviations, Conflict of Interest, Acknowledgement and
Reference sections.
The review article should mention any previous important reviews in the field and contain a
comprehensive discussion starting with the general background of the field. It should then go on
to discuss the salient features of recent developments. The authors should avoid presenting
material which has already been published in a previous review. The authors are advised to
present and discuss their observations in brief.
For Research Articles the manuscript should begin with the Title page and Abstract followed by
the main text, which must be structured into separate sections as Introduction, Material
and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate,
Human and Animal Rights, Conflict of Interest, Acknowledgements and References . For
Review, the manuscript should be divided into title page, abstract and the main text. The text
may be subdivided further according to the areas to be discussed, which should be followed by
the Acknowledgement and Reference sections.
For case reports, the authors should follow the CARE guidelines. The CARE checklist should be
submitted as a separate file.
All randomized clinical trials must include a flow diagram and authors should provide a completed
randomized trial checklist (see CONSORT Flow Diagram and Checklist; www.consort-statement.org ) and a trial protocol.
The manuscript style must be uniform throughout the text and 10 pt Times New Roman font should be
used. The full term for an abbreviation should precede its first appearance in the text unless
it is a standard unit of measurement. The reference numbers should be given in square brackets
in the text. Italics should be used for Binomial names of organisms (Genus and Species), for
emphasis and for unfamiliar words or phrases. Non-assimilated words from Latin or other
languages should also be italicized e.g.
per se, et al.,
etc
.
SECTION HEADINGS
Section headings should be numbered sequentially, left aligned and have the first letter
capitalized, starting with the introduction. Sub-section headings however, should be in
lower-case and italicized with their initials capitalized. They should be numbered as 1.1,
1.2, etc .
INTRODUCTION
The Introduction section should include the background and aims of the research in a
comprehensive manner.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This section provides details of the methodology used along with information on any previous
efforts with corresponding references. Any details for further modifications and research
should be included. Sufficient details should be provided to the reader about the original
data source in order to enable the analysis, appropriateness and verification of the results
reported in the study.
It is important for the Methods Section should be sufficiently detailed in respect of the
data presented, and the results produced from it. This section should include all the
information and protocol gathered for the study at the time when it was being written. If
the study is funded or financially supported by an organization to conduct the research,
then it should be mentioned in the Methods Section. Methods must be result-oriented. The
statement regarding the approval by an independent local, regional or national review
committee (e.g. name of ethic committee and institutional review board) should be part of
the Methods Section.
Transparent reporting on AI and AI-assisted Technologies
Authors who use AI tools for the production of images or graphical elements of the paper,
or in the collection and analysis of data, must disclose the use of such tools in the
Materials and Methods (or similar section) of the paper, stating how the AI tool was
used and which tool was used.
Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, including parts
produced with the assistance of an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of
publication ethics.
Bentham Science Publishers will assess whether the manner AI was used and declared is
reasonable and compliant with its published principles and practices. After publication,
content may be rejected or changed due to inadequate declaration or the specific
circumstances of its use.
EXPERIMENTAL
Repeated information should not be reported in the text of an article. A calculation section
must include experimental data, facts and practical development from a theoretical
perspective.
RESULTS
The important and main findings of the study should come first in the Results Section. The
tables, figures and references should be given in sequence to emphasize the important
information or observations related to the research. The repetition of data in tables and
figures should be avoided. Results should be precise.
DISCUSSION
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, present a reproducible
procedure and emphasis the importance of the article in the light of recent developments in
the field. Extensive citations and discussion of published literature should be avoided.
The Results and Discussion may be presented together under one heading of “Results and
Discussion”. Alternatively, they may be presented under two separate sections (“Results”
Section and “Discussion” Sections). Short sub-headings may be added in each section if
required.
CONCLUSION
A small paragraph summarizing the contents of the article, presenting the final outcome of
the research or proposing further study on the subject, may be given at the end of the
article under the Conclusion section.
FUNDING
The authors need to declare the funding sources of their manuscripts clearly by providing the
name of the funding agency or financial support along with allotted grant/award number in
round brackets (if applied), for instance, "This work was financially supported by [Name of
the funding agency] (Grant number XXX)".
Similarly, if a paper does not have any specific funding source, and is part of the
employment of the authors, then the name of the employer will be required. Authors will have
to clearly state that the funder was involved in writing, editing, approval, or decision to
publish the article.
Registration of Systematic Reviews
Bentham Science Publishers supports retrospective registration of systematic reviews, in a
suitable registry (such as PROSPERO). The registered systematic review must include the
registration number as the last line of the manuscript abstract.
Greek Symbols and Special Characters
Greek symbols and special characters often undergo formatting changes and get corrupted or
lost during preparation of manuscript for publication. To ensure that all special characters
used are embedded in the text, these special characters should be inserted as a symbol but
should not be a result of any format styling ( Symbol font face) otherwise
they will be lost during conversion to PDF/XML.
Authors are encouraged to consult reporting guidelines. These guidelines provide a set of
recommendations comprising a list of items relevant to their specific research design. All
kinds of measurements should be reported only in International System of Units (SI).
Chemical equations, chemical names, mathematical usage, unit of measurements, chemical and
physical quantity & units must conform to SI and Chemical Abstracts or IUPAC.
Appendices
In case there is a need to present lengthy, but essential methodological details, appendices
must be used, which can be a part of the article. An appendix must not exceed three pages
(Times New Roman, 10 point font, 900 max. words per page). The information should be
provided in a condensed form, ruling out the need of full sentences. A single appendix
should be titled APPENDIX, while more than one can be titled APPENDIX A, APPENDIX B, and so
on.
Supportive/Supplementary Material (if any)
We do encourage to append supportive material, for example a PowerPoint file containing
information about the study, a PowerPoint file containing additional screenshots, a Word,
RTF, or PDF document showing the original instrument(s) used, a video, or the original data
(SAS/SPSS files, Ms Excel files, Access Db files etc.) provided it is inevitable or endorsed
by the journal's Editor.
Supportive/Supplementary material intended for publication must be numbered and referred to
in the manuscript but should not be a part of the submitted paper. In-text citations as well
as a section with the heading "Supportive/Supplementary Material" before the "References"
section should be provided. All Supportive/Supplementary Material must be listed and include
a brief caption line for each file describing its contents should be included.
Any additional files will be linked to the final published article in the form supplied by
the author, but will not be displayed within the paper. They will be made available in
exactly the same form as originally provided only on our Web site. Please also make sure
that each additional file is a single table, figure or movie (please do not upload linked
worksheets or PDF files larger than one sheet). Supportive/Supplementary material must be
provided in a single zipped file not larger than 4 MB.
uthors must clearly indicate if these files are not for publication but meant for the
reviewers'/editors' perusal only.
List of Abbreviations
If abbreviations are used in the text either they should be defined in the text where first
used, or a list of abbreviations can be provided.
