[1]
Rock KL, Kataoka H, Lai JJ. Uric acid as a danger signal in gout and its comorbidities. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013; 9(1): 13-23.
[2]
Liu G, Chen S, Zhong J, Teng K, Yin Y. Crosstalk between tryptophan metabolism and cardiovascular disease, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 20171602074
[3]
Jin M, Yang F, Yang I, et al. Uric acid, hyperuricemia and vascular diseases. Front Biosci 2012; 17: 656-69.
[4]
Sharaf El Din UAA, Salem MM, Abdulazim DO. Uric acid in the pathogenesis of metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular diseases: A review. J Adv Res 2017; 8(5): 537-48.
[5]
Richette P, Doherty M, Pascual E, et al. 2016 updated EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76(1): 29-42.
[6]
Desideri G, Castaldo G, Lombardi A, et al. Is it time to revise the normal range of serum uric acid levels? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18(9): 1295-306.
[7]
Kratzer JT, Lanaspa MA, Murphy MN, et al. Evolutionary history and metabolic insights of ancient mammalian uricases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014; 111(10): 3763-8.
[8]
Petreski T, Bevc S, Ekart R, Hojs R. Hyperuricemia and long-term survival in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol 2017; 88(13): 69-72.
[9]
Acevedo A, Benavides J, Chowdhury M, et al. Hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension. Conn Med 2016; 80(2): 85-90.
[10]
Terkeltaub R. Update on gout: new therapeutic strategies and options. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 6(1): 30-8.
[11]
Li L, Yang C, Zhao Y, Zeng X, Liu F, Fu P. Is hyperuricemia an independent risk factor for new-onset chronic kidney disease?: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on observational cohort studies. BMC Nephrol 2014; 15: 122.
[12]
Johnson RJ, Titte S, Cade JR, Rideout BA, Oliver WJ. Uric acid, evolution and primitive cultures. Semin Nephrol 2005; 25(1): 3-8.
[13]
Löffler W, Gröbner W, Medina R, Zöllner N. Influence of dietary purines on pool size, turnover, and excretion of uric acid during balance conditions. Isotope studies using 15N-uric acid. Res Exp Med (Berl) 1982; 181(2): 113-23.
[14]
Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion. Int J Cardiol 2016; 213: 8-14.
[15]
Jalal DI, Chonchol M, Chen W, Targher G. Uric acid as a target of therapy in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 61(1): 134-46.
[16]
Bobulescu IA, Moe OW. Renal transport of uric acid: evolving concepts and uncertainties. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2012; 19(6): 358-71.
[17]
Mandal AK, Mount DB. The molecular physiology of uric acid homeostasis. Annu Rev Physiol 2015; 77: 323-45.
[18]
Wu AH, Gladden JD, Ahmed M, Ahmed A, Filippatos G. Relation of serum uric acid to cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 2016; 213: 4-7.
[19]
Dogan M, Uz O, Aparci M, Atalay M. Confounders of uric acid level for assessing cardiovascular outcomes. J Geriatr Cardiol 2016; 13(2): 197-8.
[20]
Culleton BF, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Levy D. Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131(1): 7-13.
[21]
Jayashankar CA, Andrews HP. Vijayasarathi , et al. Serum uric acid and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are independent predictors of coronary artery disease in Asian Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2016; 7(2): 161-5.
[22]
Zhao G, Huang L, Song M, Song Y. Baseline serum uric acid level as a predictor of cardiovascular disease related mortality and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Atherosclerosis 2013; 231(1): 61-8.
[23]
De Becker B, Borghi C, Burnier M, van de Borne P. Uric acid and hypertension: A focused review and practical recommendations. J Hypertens 2019; 37(5): 878-83.
[24]
Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, et al. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2017; 140(3)e20171904
[25]
Rovda Iu I, Kazakova LM, Plaksina EA. Parameters of uric acid metabolism in healthy children and in patients with arterial hypertension. Pediatriia 1990; (8): 19-22.
[26]
Wang J, Qin T, Chen J, et al. Hyperuricemia and risk of incident hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2014; 9(12)e114259
[27]
Cicero AF, Salvi P, D’Addato S, Rosticci M, Borghi C. Association between serum uric acid, hypertension, vascular stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis: data from the Brisighella Heart Study. J Hypertens 2014; 32(1): 57-64.
[28]
Tutal E, Sayın B, Ertugrul DT, Ibis A, Sezer S, Ozdemir N. Is there a link between hyperuricemia, morning blood pressure surge, and non-dipping blood pressure pattern in metabolic syndrome patients? Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2013; 6: 71-7.
[29]
Çağlı K, Turak O, Canpolat U, et al. Association of serum uric acid level with blood pressure variability in newly diagnosed essential hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 2015; 17(12): 929-35.
[30]
Li P, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhou C, Lin N. Uric acid enhances PKC-dependent eNOS phosphorylation and mediates cellular ER stress: A mechanism for uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37(4): 989-97.
[31]
Tassone EJ, Cimellaro A, Perticone M, et al. Uric acid impairs insulin signaling by promoting enpp1 binding to insulin receptor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9: 98.
[32]
Choi YJ, Yoon Y, Lee KY, et al. Uric acid induces endothelial dysfunction by vascular insulin resistance associated with the impairment of nitric oxide synthesis. FASEB J 2014; 28(7): 3197-204.
[33]
Chao HH, Liu JC, Lin JW, Chen CH, Wu CH, Cheng TH. Uric acid stimulates endothelin-1 gene expression associated with NADPH oxidase in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29(11): 1301-12.
[34]
Schwartz IF, Grupper A, Chernichovski T, et al. Hyperuricemia attenuates aortic nitric oxide generation, through inhibition of arginine transport, in rats. J Vasc Res 2011; 48(3): 252-60.
[35]
Yu MA, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ, Kang DH. Oxidative stress with an activation of the renin-angiotensin system in human vascular endothelial cells as a novel mechanism of uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction. J Hypertens 2010; 28(6): 1234-42.
[36]
Ejaz AA, Mu W, Kang DH, et al. Could uric acid have a role in acute renal failure? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 2(1): 16-21.
[37]
Mazzali M, Hughes J, Kim YG, et al. Elevated uric acid increases blood pressure in the rat by a novel crystal-independent mechanism. Hypertension 2001; 38(5): 1101-6.
[38]
Abbott RD, Brand FN, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Gout and coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1988; 41(3): 237-42.
[39]
Zuo T, Liu X, Jiang L, Mao S, Yin X, Guo L. Hyperuricemia and coronary heart disease mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16(1): 207.
[40]
Kim H, Kim SH, Choi AR, et al. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is independently associated with coronary artery calcification in the absence of overt coronary artery disease: A single-center cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96(14)e6565
[41]
Mutluay R, Deger SM, Bahadir E, Durmaz AO, Citil R, Sindel S. Uric acid is an important predictor for hypertensive early atherosclerosis. Adv Ther 2012; 29(3): 276-86.
[42]
Yang G, Lucas R, Caldwell R, Yao L, Romero MJ, Caldwell RW. Novel mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2010; 1(2): 59-63.
[43]
Zharikov S, Krotova K, Hu H, et al. Uric acid decreases NO production and increases arginase activity in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295(5): C1183-90.
[44]
Förstermann U, Münzel T. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular disease: from marvel to menace. Circulation 2006; 113(13): 1708-14.
[45]
Kırça M, Oğuz N, Çetin A, Uzuner F, Yeşilkaya A. Uric acid stimulates proliferative pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells through the activation of p38 MAPK, p44/42 MAPK and PDGFRβ. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37(2): 167-73.
[46]
Karbach S, Wenzel P, Waisman A, Munzel T, Daiber A. eNOS uncoupling in cardiovascular diseases--the role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20(22): 3579-94.
[47]
Heijman J, Voigt N, Nattel S, Dobrev D. Cellular and molecular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation initiation, maintenance, and progression. Circ Res 2014; 114(9): 1483-99.
[48]
Canpolat U, Aytemir K, Yorgun H, et al. Usefulness of serum uric acid level to predict atrial fibrillation recurrence after cryoballoon-based catheter ablation. Europace 2014; 16(12): 1731-7.
[49]
Kuwabara M, Niwa K, Nishihara S, et al. Hyperuricemia is an independent competing risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2017; 231: 137-42.
[50]
Nyrnes A, Toft I, Njølstad I, et al. Uric acid is associated with future atrial fibrillation: An 11-year follow-up of 6308 men and women--the Tromso Study. Europace 2014; 16(3): 320-6.
[51]
Letsas KP, Korantzopoulos P, Filippatos GS, et al. Uric acid elevation in atrial fibrillation. Hellenic J Cardiol 2010; 51(3): 209-13.
[52]
Tamariz L, Agarwal S, Soliman EZ, et al. Association of serum uric acid with incident atrial fibrillation (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] study). Am J Cardiol 2011; 108(9): 1272-6.
[53]
Kim SC, Liu J, Solomon DH. Risk of incident atrial fibrillation in gout: A cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75(8): 1473-8.
[54]
Sun GZ, Guo L, Wang J, Ye N, Wang XZ, Sun YX. Association between hyperuricemia and atrial fibrillation in rural China: A cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15: 98.
[55]
Zhen H, Gui F. The role of hyperuricemia on vascular endothelium dysfunction. Biomed Rep 2017; 7(4): 325-30.
[56]
Du J, Xie J, Zhang Z, et al. TRPM7-mediated Ca2+ signals confer fibrogenesis in human atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 2010; 106(5): 992-1003.
[57]
Yan M, Chen K, He L, Li S, Huang D, Li J. Uric Acid Induces Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via Activation of Calpain-1 and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 45(5): 2122-35.
[58]
Maharani N, Ting YK, Cheng J, et al. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Urate-Induced Enhancement of Kv1.5 Channel Expression in HL-1 Atrial Myocytes. Circ J 2015; 79(12): 2659-68.
[59]
Dudley SC Jr, Hoch NE, McCann LA, et al. Atrial fibrillation increases production of superoxide by the left atrium and left atrial appendage: role of the NADPH and xanthine oxidases. Circulation 2005; 112(9): 1266-73.
[60]
Nattel S, Harada M. Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation: recent advances and translational perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63(22): 2335-45.
[61]
Korantzopoulos P, Letsas KP, Liu T. Xanthine oxidase and uric Acid in atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol 2012; 3: 150.
[62]
Youn JY, Zhang J, Zhang Y, et al. Oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation: An emerging role of NADPH oxidase. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62: 72-9.
[63]
Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, Willett W, Curhan G. Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: A prospective study. Lancet 2004; 363(9417): 1277-81.
[64]
Jamnik J, Rehman S, Blanco Mejia S, et al. Fructose intake and risk of gout and hyperuricemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ Open 2016; 6(10)e013191
[65]
Choi HK, Liu S, Curhan G. Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52(1): 283-9.
[66]
Zhang Y, Neogi T, Chen C, Chaisson C, Hunter DJ, Choi HK. Cherry consumption and decreased risk of recurrent gout attacks. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64(12): 4004-11.
[67]
Park KY, Kim HJ, Ahn HS, et al. Effects of coffee consumption on serum uric acid: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016; 45(5): 580-6.
[68]
Beyl RN Jr, Hughes L, Morgan S. Update on Importance of Diet in Gout. Am J Med 2016; 129(11): 1153-8.
[69]
Bredemeier M, Lopes LM, Eisenreich MA, et al. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors for prevention of cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18(1): 24.
[70]
Becker MA, Schumacher HR Jr, Wortmann RL, et al. Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(23): 2450-61.
[71]
Schumacher HR Jr, Becker MA, Wortmann RL, et al. Effects of febuxostat versus allopurinol and placebo in reducing serum urate in subjects with hyperuricemia and gout: A 28-week, phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 59(11): 1540-8.
[72]
Becker MA, Schumacher HR, Espinoza LR, et al. The urate-lowering efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of the hyperuricemia of gout: The CONFIRMS trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12(2): R63.
[73]
Bardin T, Keenan RT, Khanna PP, et al. Lesinurad in combination with allopurinol: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with gout with inadequate response to standard of care (the multinational CLEAR 2 study). Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76(5): 811-20.
[74]
Saag KG, Fitz-Patrick D, Kopicko J, et al. Lesinurad combined with allopurinol: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in gout patients with an inadequate response to standard-of-care allopurinol (a US-based study). Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69(1): 203-12.
[75]
Shahid H, Singh JA. Investigational drugs for hyperuricemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24(8): 1013-30.
[76]
Malik UZ, Hundley NJ, Romero G, et al. Febuxostat inhibition of endothelial-bound XO: implications for targeting vascular ROS production. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51(1): 179-84.
[77]
Bridgeman MB, Chavez B. Febuxostat for the treatment of gout. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16(3): 395-8.
[78]
Paschou E, Gavriilaki E, Papaioannou G, Tsompanakou A, Kalaitzoglou A, Sabanis N. Febuxostat hypersensitivity: Another cause of DRESS syndrome in chronic kidney disease? Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 48(6): 251-5.
[79]
Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64(10): 1431-46.
[80]
Davies K, Bukhari MAS. Recent pharmacological advances in the management of gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57(6): 951-8.
[81]
Raychaudhuri S, Plenge RM, Rossin EJ, et al. Identifying relationships among genomic disease regions: predicting genes at pathogenic SNP associations and rare deletions. PLoS Genet 2009; 5(6)e1000534
[82]
Robbins N, Koch SE, Tranter M, Rubinstein J. The history and future of probenecid. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 12(1): 1-9.
[83]
Pui K, Gow PJ, Dalbeth N. Efficacy and tolerability of probenecid as urate-lowering therapy in gout; clinical experience in high-prevalence population. J Rheumatol 2013; 40(6): 872-6.
[84]
Reinders MK, van Roon EN, Jansen TL, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of urate-lowering drugs in gout: A randomised controlled trial of benzbromarone versus probenecid after failure of allopurinol. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68(1): 51-6.
[85]
Ernst ME, Fravel MA. Febuxostat: A selective xanthine-oxidase/xanthine-dehydrogenase inhibitor for the management of hyperuricemia in adults with gout. Clin Ther 2009; 31(11): 2503-18.
[86]
Fabbrini E, Serafini M, Colic Baric I, Hazen SL, Klein S. Effect of plasma uric acid on antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, and insulin sensitivity in obese subjects. Diabetes 2014; 63(3): 976-81.
[87]
Kaufmann P, Török M, Hänni A, Roberts P, Gasser R, Krähenbühl S. Mechanisms of benzarone and benzbromarone-induced hepatic toxicity. Hepatology 2005; 41(4): 925-35.
[88]
Shen Z, Tieu K, Wilson D, et al. Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions between lesinurad, a new selective urate reabsorption inhibitor, and commonly used drugs for gout treatment. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2017; 6(4): 377-87.
[89]
Fleischmann R, Kerr B, Yeh LT, et al. Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and tolerability evaluation of concomitant administration of lesinurad and febuxostat in gout patients with hyperuricaemia. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53(12): 2167-74.
[90]
Perez-Ruiz F, Sundy JS, Miner JN, Cravets M, Storgard C, Group RS. Lesinurad in combination with allopurinol: Results of a phase 2, randomised, double-blind study in patients with gout with an inadequate response to allopurinol. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75(6): 1074-80.
[91]
Hoy SM. Lesinurad: First Global Approval. Drugs 2016; 76(4): 509-16.
[92]
Tausche AK, Alten R, Dalbeth N, et al. Lesinurad monotherapy in gout patients intolerant to a xanthine oxidase inhibitor: A 6 month phase 3 clinical trial and extension study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56(12): 2170-8.
[93]
Deeks ED. Lesinurad: A Review in Hyperuricaemia of Gout. Drugs Aging 2017; 34(5): 401-10.
[94]
Sundy JS, Baraf HS, Yood RA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of pegloticase for the treatment of chronic gout in patients refractory to conventional treatment: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2011; 306(7): 711-20.
[95]
Baraf HS, Becker MA, Gutierrez-Urena SR, et al. Tophus burden reduction with pegloticase: results from phase 3 randomized trials and open-label extension in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15(5): R137.
[96]
Robinson PC, Dalbeth N. Lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricaemia in people with gout. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18(17): 1875-81.
[97]
Sherman MR, Saifer MG, Perez-Ruiz F. PEG-uricase in the management of treatment-resistant gout and hyperuricemia. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60(1): 59-68.
[98]
Li Q, Li X, Kwong JS, et al. Diagnosis and treatment for hyperuricaemia and gout: A protocol for a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements. BMJ Open 2017; 7(6)e014928
[99]
Becker MA, Baraf HS, Yood RA, et al. Long-term safety of pegloticase in chronic gout refractory to conventional treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72(9): 1469-74.
[100]
Zhang T, Pope JE. Cardiovascular effects of urate-lowering therapies in patients with chronic gout: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56(7): 1144-53.
[101]
Cicero AF, Rosticci M, Cagnati M, et al. Serum uric acid and markers of low-density lipoprotein oxidation in nonsmoking healthy subjects: data from the Brisighella Heart Study. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2014; 124(12): 661-8.
[102]
Soletsky B, Feig DI. Uric acid reduction rectifies prehypertension in obese adolescents. Hypertension 2012; 60(5): 1148-56.
[103]
Saddekni MB, Saag KG, Dudenbostel T, et al. The effects of urate lowering therapy on inflammation, endothelial function, and blood pressure (SURPHER) study design and rationale. Contemp Clin Trials 2016; 50: 238-44.
[104]
Li S, Yang H, Guo Y, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of urate-lowering therapy for the treatment of hyperuricemia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 33082.
[105]
Beattie CJ, Fulton RL, Higgins P, et al. Allopurinol initiation and change in blood pressure in older adults with hypertension. Hypertension 2014; 64(5): 1102-7.
[106]
Borghi C, Rosei EA, Bardin T, et al. Serum uric acid and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. J Hypertens 2015; 33: 1729-41.
[107]
McGillicuddy FC, de la Llera Moya M, Hinkle CC, et al. Inflammation impairs reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. Circulation 2009; 119(8): 1135-45.
[108]
Thanassoulis G, Brophy JM, Richard H, Pilote L. Gout, allopurinol use, and heart failure outcomes. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170(15): 1358-64.
[109]
Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Alpérovitch A, Aubrun E, et al. Impact of allopurinol on risk of myocardial infarction. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74(5): 836-42.
[110]
Kato M, Hisatome I, Tomikura Y, et al. Status of endothelial dependent vasodilation in patients with hyperuricemia. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96(11): 1576-8.
[111]
Ogino K, Kato M, Furuse Y, et al. Uric acid-lowering treatment with benzbromarone in patients with heart failure: A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover preliminary study. Circ Heart Fail 2010; 3(1): 73-81.
[112]
Chen X, Wu G, Schwarzschild MA. Urate in Parkinson’s disease: more than a biomarker? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2012; 12(4): 367-75.
[113]
Hershfield MS, Roberts LJ II, Ganson NJ, et al. Treating gout with pegloticase, a PEGylated urate oxidase, provides insight into the importance of uric acid as an antioxidant in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107(32): 14351-6.
[114]
Kuo CF, See LC, Yu KH, Chou IJ, Chiou MJ, Luo SF. Significance of serum uric acid levels on the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52(1): 127-34.
[115]
Khanna D, Khanna PP, Fitzgerald JD, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64(10): 1447-61.
[116]
Yamanaka H, Metabolism TG. Essence of the revised guideline for the management of hyperuricemia and gout. Japan Med Assoc J 2012; 55(4): 324-9.
