Title:Biomarkers, Biosensors and Biomedicine
Volume: 27
Issue: 21
Author(s): Weslley Felix de Oliveira, Priscila Marcelino dos Santos Silva, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho*Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia*
Affiliation:
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco,Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco,Brazil
Keywords:
Biomarkers, diagnosis, cancer, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, biosensor.
Abstract: The discovery of new biomarkers associated with cancer, neurological and cardiovascular
diseases is necessary, since these are common, recurrent diseases considered as leading causes of
death in the human population. Molecular signatures of these disorders that can be identified at the
outset of their pathogenesis leading to prompt and targeted treatment may increase patient survival.
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be expressed differently among individuals; in addition,
treatments may have a differentiated approach according to the type of malignant neoplasm. Thus,
these neoplastic cells can synthesize and release specific molecules depending on the site where
carcinogenesis begins. Moreover, life expectancy is increasing especially in developed countries,
however, cases of neurodegenerative diseases have grown in the older members of the population.
Commonly, some neurological disorders, which can occur physiologically by the process of senescence,
are confused with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In addition, cardiovascular diseases are the
main cause of death in the world; studies capable of identifying, through molecular probes, the beginning
of development of an atherosclerotic process can lead to early treatment to avoid an acute
myocardial infarction. Accuracy in the detection of these biomarkers can be obtained through biosensors
whose design has been increasingly studied to elaborate inexpensive sensory platforms capable
of precise detection, even at low concentrations, of the molecule to be measured. The aim of
this review is to address biomarkers to be used in diagnoses instead of invasive exams; biosensors
for the specific and sensitive detection of these biological markers are also investigated.
