One of the most extraordinary characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is its capacity to remain within the host's tissues for a long period of time. There is an enormous reservoir of persons latently infected with tuberculosis (LTBI) estimated at about a third of the world's population. From this reservoir arise about 10 million new cases of active TB and more than two million deaths occur annually. Current Diagnosis of Infant Tuberculosis Infection covers problems concerning the diagnosis of LTBI, giving an overview of commercially available options and, unlike most reviews on this subject, also points out some tools currently under development. The Ebook provides comprehensive understandable, practice-oriented information on this subject, while keeping frontier research developments in consideration. It serves as an update to readers from universities to the research center and hospital staff - as well as a guide for helping clinicians to improve their diagnostic skills regarding TB infections in an endemic country (such as Brazil).

Multiple drug resistance among bacteria has become a global issue with a considerable impact on the mortality associated with infectious diseases. This book is a detailed compilation of available knowledge on the surveillance and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in various countries throughout the world. Readers will be updated on current information on the understanding of mechanisms involved in drug resistance and the geographical distribution of resistance determinant markers. This volume should be a useful guide for microbiologists and clinicians interested in designing antimicrobial therapies tailored for patients in specific geographical regions.

Dynamics of Biological Macromolecules by Neutron Scattering provides insight into the study of the dynamics of biological macromolecules by neutron scattering techniques. The applicability of neutron scattering to expanding fields of biological studies is very extended and the neutron scattering community is interested in using these unique technologies to their best advantage. The book is focused on recent scientific results on biomolecular motions obtained by using neutron spectroscopy, and also discusses likely directions of future work on biological macromolecular systems while outlining some challenging, hitherto inaccessible problem areas. The Ebook should be very useful for biophysicists, biochemists, experts and non-experts in neutron scattering.

Obesity is a complex health problem, caused by a number of factors such as excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, genetic predisposition, endocrine disorders, medications and psychiatric illnesses. Onset of obesity in both the developing and the developed world has reached epidemic proportions. In response to this, efforts to control and treat obesity have also been vigorously pursued, ranging from raising awareness about lifestyle changes to the discovery and development of safe and effective anti-obesity drugs. Anti-obesity Drug Discovery and Development is focused on this very important area of healthcare research. Fifteen well written reviews make this special volume an excellent compilation of recent developments in anti-obesity treatment. The reviews cover a variety of topics including the development of specific, safe and effective receptor antagonists, the role of epithelial endocrine cells and post operative treatment strategies. This book should be useful to clinicians and medicinal chemists involved in ant-obesity research and therapy.

The book focuses on a global problem challenging the health systems. Trypanosoma cruzi infections are transmitted by cone-nosed triatomine bugs, by blood transfusion and congenitally from mothers to their offspring. The American Trypanosomiasis affects 20 million people; among them a significant parcel (< 1/3) will develop Chagas disease in the heart and digestive tract, where the immune system effector cells destroy target host cells. Genotype modifications resulting from transfer of minicircle sequence kDNA from the parasite into the host´s genome may explain the autoimmune pathogenesis of the disease. The book discusses various aspects of this disease and should be of interest to readers who wish to keep abreast of the developments in this field.

Understanding the dispersion and the deposition of inertial particles convected by turbulent flows is a domain of research of considerable industrial interest. Inertial particle transport and dispersion are encountered in a wide range of flow configurations, whether they are of industrial or environmental character. Conventional models for turbulent dispersed flows do not appear capable of meeting the growing needs of chemical, mechanical and petroleum industries in this regard and physical environment testing is prohibitive. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) have become powerful tools for the investigation of particle-laden turbulent flows with the help of advances in computing resources. The hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian approach plays a key role in predicting inertial particle dispersion and deposition. This ebook explains the use of stochastic tools to enhance the accuracy of the Eulerian-Lagrangian large eddy simulation of particle-laden turbulent flows of practical interest. The book should be a useful resource for chemical, mechanical, petroleum and environmental engineering postgraduates and researchers interested in applying tractable yet powerful numerical tools to solve problems involving multiphase flows.

This book is recommended for readers who are interested in or work with current theoretical and experimental research in medicinal chemistry, with an emphasis on computer aided-drug design and organic synthesis for therapeutic purposes. This book encompasses the multidisciplinary field of medicinal chemistry which overlaps the knowledge of chemistry, physics, biochemistry, biology and pharmacology.

Reviews in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis contains coverage and review of new trends and applications in all areas of pharmaceutical, biomedical and analytical chemistry. Authors have contributed review articles according to their expertise on various relevant topics. The book's aim is to cover important instrumental analytical methods that are applied to the analysis of compounds with pharmaceutical and biomedical interest, including liquid and gas chromatography, electrophoresis & related techniques, mass spectrometry, hyphenated techniques, automated analytical techniques, spectrometry, luminescence, electroanalysis etc. Since the analysis of pharmaceuticals in a variety of matrices (formulations, biological material, environmental samples) is and will continue to be a "hot" topic, such a review book will be of interest to a very broad spectrum of scientists involved in chemistry and medicine.

Infectious diseases represent an important group of medical disorder. This is still a public health problem for all countries around the world and the leading course of death. There are many epidemics of new emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases at present and this warrants the necessity to update our knowledge on infectious diseases. This requires fighting infectious diseases with new and more powerful and safer drugs as well as collaboration between health care workers and non-health care workers are required. The construction of the knowledge exchange via the Ebook series can be useful. The series of Ebooks in this area can be an invaluable integrated source of knowledge for experts and workers on several facets of infectious diseases.

Angiogenesis plays rate limiting roles in tumor growth and invasion. Angiogenesis inhibition has been proposed as a general strategy to fight against cancers. This book covers different therapeutic targets for angiogenesis interventions with emphasis on clinical development of antiangiogenic drugs that target antiangiogenic cascade in different forms of cancers like breast cancer, multiple myeloma, renal carcinoma, gastrointestinal, prostate and lung cancer. Surrogate predictive markers of antiangiogenic therapy in novel preclinical models recapitulating tumor microenvironment together with genomic studies are special features of this book. Gene therapy approaches with emphasis on viral vectors have been explored in preclinical model with direct and indirect angiogenesis inhibitors. Recent advances in clinical application with antiangiogenic therapy resulted in encouraging clinical results are also detailed. It includes chapters that bridge the gap between basic science and clinical application of current knowledge of cancer. Different chapters are contributed by distinguished scientists and clinicians around the world making it an important addition to the bookshelves of clinicians, academics, researchers, students and institutions.