Abstract
Technetium (99mTc)-radiolabeled colloids are popular tracers used to map lymphatic vessels and regional lymph nodes (LNs). The regional LN status is a significant determinant of cancer stage and patient prognosis, and strongly influences treatment. Regional LN dissection has become a part of surgical treatment. However, not all patients with LN involvement benefit from extensive lymphadenectomy in terms of prolonged survival. Moreover, overtreatment of patients with localized disease carries the unnecessary risk of complications. It is believed that sentinel LN biopsy (SLNB) allows to assess the involvement of the most representative LN of the lymphatic basin and to decide on radical LN dissection.99mTc is an easily available radionuclide emitting gamma rays. The value of 99mTc for diagnostic procedures is associated with its relatively short half-life that makes it safe both for patients and medical personnel. A colloid presenting specific physical and biological properties, including optimal particle size, is a carrier for the radionuclide. When administered at the tumor site, a radiocolloid is absorbed by the lymphatics, and the first LN that it gets trapped in is referred to as the sentinel LN (SLN). The radiopharmaceutical must reach the SLN relatively quickly, but its storage within the SLN, and the radionuclide’s half-life must be long enough to enable intraoperative imaging and evaluation. SLNB is currently the gold standard in breast cancer and malignant melanoma diagnosis, and is under extensive investigation in gynecological cancers. Here, we provide a historical perspective of the SLN concept and the clinical relevance of SLNB in gynecologic oncology. Moreover, we review the technical aspects of the application of 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals in lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative lymphatic mapping.
Keywords: Technetium, 99mTc, sentinel lymph node biopsy, radiocolloid, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, vulvar cancer.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Technetium-99m-based Radiopharmaceuticals in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Gynecologic Oncology Perspective
Volume: 24 Issue: 15
Author(s): Kamil Zalewski*, Malgorzata Benke, Bartlomiej Mirocha, Jakub Radziszewski, Magdalena Chechlinska and Magdalena Kowalewska
Affiliation:
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Roentgena 5, Warszawa,Poland
Keywords: Technetium, 99mTc, sentinel lymph node biopsy, radiocolloid, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, vulvar cancer.
Abstract: Technetium (99mTc)-radiolabeled colloids are popular tracers used to map lymphatic vessels and regional lymph nodes (LNs). The regional LN status is a significant determinant of cancer stage and patient prognosis, and strongly influences treatment. Regional LN dissection has become a part of surgical treatment. However, not all patients with LN involvement benefit from extensive lymphadenectomy in terms of prolonged survival. Moreover, overtreatment of patients with localized disease carries the unnecessary risk of complications. It is believed that sentinel LN biopsy (SLNB) allows to assess the involvement of the most representative LN of the lymphatic basin and to decide on radical LN dissection.99mTc is an easily available radionuclide emitting gamma rays. The value of 99mTc for diagnostic procedures is associated with its relatively short half-life that makes it safe both for patients and medical personnel. A colloid presenting specific physical and biological properties, including optimal particle size, is a carrier for the radionuclide. When administered at the tumor site, a radiocolloid is absorbed by the lymphatics, and the first LN that it gets trapped in is referred to as the sentinel LN (SLN). The radiopharmaceutical must reach the SLN relatively quickly, but its storage within the SLN, and the radionuclide’s half-life must be long enough to enable intraoperative imaging and evaluation. SLNB is currently the gold standard in breast cancer and malignant melanoma diagnosis, and is under extensive investigation in gynecological cancers. Here, we provide a historical perspective of the SLN concept and the clinical relevance of SLNB in gynecologic oncology. Moreover, we review the technical aspects of the application of 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals in lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative lymphatic mapping.
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Cite this article as:
Zalewski Kamil *, Benke Malgorzata , Mirocha Bartlomiej , Radziszewski Jakub , Chechlinska Magdalena and Kowalewska Magdalena , Technetium-99m-based Radiopharmaceuticals in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Gynecologic Oncology Perspective, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2018; 24 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180515122150
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180515122150 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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