Title:Chronic Kidney Disease and the Search for New Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis
Volume: 25
Issue: 31
Author(s): Alma L. Saucedo, Marlene M. Perales-Quintana, David Paniagua-Vega, Concepcion Sanchez-Martinez, Paula Cordero-Perez and Noemi W. Minsky*
Affiliation:
- Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon,Mexico
Keywords:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), ESRD, biomarkers, glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, metabolomics,
proteomics.
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a permanent and
irreversible loss of renal function. In accordance to international guidelines, CKD clinical diagnosis
methods are based on creatinine and albumin levels and glomerular filtration rate. Unfortunately, these
parameters are scarcely affected in early stages, and its inherent intrinsic variability only allows for the
identification of intermediate and advanced stages, when life expectancy has become shorter and treatment
poses a significant financial investment. In this context, several targeted strategies have been designed
for searching novel markers. Among them, "omics" techniques have emerged, mainly based on
proteomics and metabolomics research. Urine and serum samples have been selected as starting material
to conduct the identification of new CKD biomarkers, capable of differentiating between stages and
predicting progression outcomes. In many cases, the principal objective is to develop a fast and reliable
clinical method for non-invasive analysis in the early progression stages of the disease. On the other
hand, significant efforts have been directed to identify molecules related to the CKD end stage in order
to adequate therapies, reduce impairments, and have a positive impact on survival rate. In this article,
the state of the art of novel proposed biomarkers for CKD identification is reviewed, with the aim of
underlining its molecular diversity, emphasizing chemical structure differences and correlating its biological
relevance. Efforts directed in this line could provide evidence of metabolic pathways imbalance,
and lead to the development of new integral strategies for CKD evaluation and management.
