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摘要
背景:无机纳米粒子(NPs),包括来自金属(如金、银)、半导体(如量子点)、碳点、碳纳米管或氧化物(如氧化铁)的纳米粒子,近年来在肿瘤学的诊断和治疗方面得到了深入的研究。与有机纳米材料相比,无机纳米粒子具有许多优点和独特的特性,可以更好地进行成像和药物传递。然而,只有有限数量的无机NPs被转化为临床实践。方法:本文综述了无机纳米材料在肿瘤治疗和成像方面的研究进展,重点讨论了金属和磁性纳米材料等主要组成纳米材料的机遇、局限和挑战。特别是对临床前和临床试验从长凳到临床进行了调查.结果:在过去几十年中,具有调节尺寸、组成和功能的广泛NPs的发展为纳米医学提供了极好的资源。无机NPs作为药物载体提供了很大的机会,因为靶向分子的修饰容易,不同刺激物对药物释放的控制,以及向靶点的有效传递,从而提高了治疗效果,减少了副作用。无机NPs在临床前和临床研究中被用来检测、诊断和治疗多种疾病。无机NPs的稳定性比传统的输送方法具有潜在的优势。无机NPs可以增强和改善目前的成像和诊断技术,如MRI或PET。尽管它们还没有被批准用于药物传递应用,但它们对外界刺激的反应能力现在临床上得到了广泛的研究。结论:无机NPs的成功转化需要开发一种简单、安全、经济、高效的合成方法,更好地了解NPs的安全机制、生物分布和药代动力学。然而,应更加关注长期毒性、致癌、免疫原性、炎症和组织损伤等问题。虽然一些在临床前阶段看来很有希望的无机NPs在被翻译到临床时并不成功,但目前正在为治疗和癌症护理以及多种其他疾病开发一些令人鼓舞的NPs。
关键词: 癌症治疗,临床试验,诊断,无机纳米粒子,磁性纳米粒子,金属纳米粒子,纳米技术,热疗法。
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Inorganic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: A Transition from Lab to Clinic
Volume: 25 Issue: 34
关键词: 癌症治疗,临床试验,诊断,无机纳米粒子,磁性纳米粒子,金属纳米粒子,纳米技术,热疗法。
摘要: Background: Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) including those derived from metals (e.g., gold, silver), semiconductors (e.g., quantum dots), carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, or oxides (e.g., iron oxide), have been deeply investigated recently for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in oncology. Compared to organic nanomaterials, inorganic NPs have several advantages and unique characteristics for better imaging and drug delivery. Still, only a limited number of inorganic NPs are translated into clinical practice.
Method: In this review, we discuss the progression of inorganic NPs for cancer therapy and imaging, focusing our attention on opportunities, limitations and challenges for the main constituting nanomaterials, including metallic and magnetic NPs. In particular, the pre-clinical and clinical trials from the bench toward the clinic are here investigated.
Results: Over the last few decades, the development of wide range of NPs with the ability to tune size, composition and functionality, has provided an excellent resource for nanomedicine. Inorganic NPs provide a great opportunity as drug carriers, due to the easy modification of targeting molecules, the control of drug release by different stimuli, and the effective delivery to target sites, thus resulting in having an improved therapeutic efficacy and in reducing side effects. Inorganic NPs are investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. The stability of inorganic NPs offers a potential advantage over the traditional delivery methods. Inorganic NPs could enhance and improve current imaging and diagnostic techniques, such as MRI or PET. Even though, they have not yet been approved for drug delivery applications, their ability to respond to external stimuli is now widely investigated in clinic.
Conclusion: The successful translation of inorganic NPs to the clinic requires the development of a simple, safe, cost-effective, ecofriendly mode of synthesis, and a better understanding of the safety mechanisms, biodistribution and the pharmacokinetics of NPs. However, more attention should be given to concerns on long-term toxicity, carcinogenesis, immunogenicity, inflammation and tissue damage. Although, some inorganic NPs, which were apparently promising in the preclinical phase, were found not to be successful when translated to the clinic, several encouraging NPs are currently being developed for treatment and cancer care and for a wide variety of other diseases.
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Cite this article as:
Inorganic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: A Transition from Lab to Clinic, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666171229141156
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666171229141156 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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