Title:An Insight into Biomarkers for Canine Parvovirus Diagnosis: A Minireview
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Author(s): Minakshi Prasad*, Koushlesh Ranjan, Basanti Brar, J. Manimegalai and Gaya Prasad
Affiliation:
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004,India
Keywords:
Biomarker, canine parvovirus, diagnosis, endocrine, haematology, troponin.
Abstract: Background: Canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis is an important cause of high morbidity and
mortality in pups. The high incidence of parvoviral enteritis is due to high capability of CPV to evolve
into more virulent and resistant variants. The condition may be worsening in case of local gastrointestinal
and systemic inflammation. In addition to CPV enteritis less common is the cardiac form, which
attacks the heart muscles of very young puppies and often leading to death. Therefore, early and confirmed
diagnosis of CPV is essential for suitable treatment of infected dogs.
Objective: The prime objective of this review paper is to extend scientific knowledge on CPV as well as
cardiac biomarkers in order to efficiently diagnose intestinal and cardiac forms of CPV in dogs. The
information would eventually be helpful in proper treatment of suffering dogs falling in different age
groups.
Methods: The current review is based on extensive information search, analysis and compilation of
CPV biomarker data from much authentic published literature available in several scientific databases
including PubMed. The information also includes current knowledge of several clinical factors such as
biochemical, haematological and endocrine parameters used as diagnostics as well as prognostic biomarkers
in CPV enteritis. The review is also supplemented with cardiac biomarkers to assess the heart
health in infected dogs where cardiac ailment may occur as consequences of viral enteritis.
Results: In this review, we have elaborated current views of some CPV specific biomarkers along with
cardiac biomarkers which would improve prognostic efficiency as well as diagnostic accuracy among
canine patients.
Conclusion: The current review discussed the CPV specific several biomarkers such as season, body
weight, breed, lymphopaenia, leukopaenia, thrombocytopaenia, hypercoagulability, hypothyroxinaemia,
hypoalbuminaemia, hypocholesterolaemia, hypocitrullinaemia, C-reactive protein level, tumour necrosis
factors for assessment of disease condition. The severity and outcome of CPV infection are also
dependent on host (breed), pathogen, secondary bacterial and viral infections, stress and environment.
Application of biomarkers is based on several prognosticators such as hematology, coagulation abnormalities
and serum biochemistry changes that can identify the patients at high risk of death and their
targeted management in easier way. Recently, cardiac biomarkers including cardiac troponins and natriuretic
peptides are being applied as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in dogs.
