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摘要
肠道菌群是人类有机体中最大的共生菌群落,正逐渐成为饮食习惯与健康之间关系的关键因素。口腔,尤其是肠道微生物代谢饮食成分,通过产生有害或有益的代谢产物而影响人类健康,这些代谢产物与几种肠道相关和非相关疾病的发生和发展有关。习惯饮食(西方,农业和地中海杂食饮食,素食,素食主义者和无麸质饮食)驱动肠道微生物群和代谢组的组成。在饮食成分中,未被人类酶水解的聚合物(主要是纤维,蛋白质,脂肪和多酚)似乎是肠道菌群代谢途径的主要先导,继而直接影响人类的代谢组。饮食与微生物,微生物和代谢产物,微生物与免疫功能,微生物和/或其代谢产物以及某些人类疾病之间的特殊关系正在建立。通过改善饮食中短链脂肪酸的合成并降低与疾病状态有关的分子(例如对甲酚硫酸盐,吲哚酚硫酸盐和三甲胺N-氧化物)的水平,使用纤维进行的饮食疗法最有效地改善了代谢组。本文以饮食微生物菌群健康为轴心,旨在描述最新的知识,这些知识旨在通过合理的饮食利用有益的饮食,通过肠道微生物菌群的活动直接和间接地为人类健康提供益处。
关键词: 肠道菌群,饮食,膳食纤维,蛋白质,脂肪,多酚,益生菌,代谢组。
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