Title:Magnesium in Pain Research: State of the Art
Volume: 24
Issue: 4
关键词:
镁，疼痛模型，止疼药，NMDA受体，一氧化氮，TRP受体。
摘要: Magnesium has been shown to produce an antinociceptive effect on animal models
of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. It has also been shown to exert an analgesic effect
on humans in conditions presenting acute (postoperative pain) and chronic (neuropathic)
pain. As it is known that magnesium is a physiological antagonist of the N-methyl-Daspartate
(NMDA) receptor ion channel, and that the NMDA receptor plays a key role in
central sensitization, the primary mechanism through which magnesium produces its
analgesic effect is believed to be blockade of the NMDA receptor in the spinal cord. In
addition, magnesium blocks calcium channels and modulates potassium channels. The
activation of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway could have an important role in the
antinociceptive effects of systemic magnesium sulfate in the somatic, but not in the visceral
model of inflammatory pain. Although it is known for some time that intramuscular, intravenous
and subcutaneous injections of magnesium sulfate in humans, and intraperitoneal
injection in rodents produce local pain sensation, the mechanism of this action was
elucidated only recently. It was demonstrated that subcutaneous injection of an isotonic, pHadjusted
(7.4) solution of magnesium sulfate (6.2%) to rats produces local peripheral pain via
activation of peripheral TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4 and NMDA receptors and peripheral
production of NO. In animal models of pain, magnesium has been shown to exert both
antinociceptive and pronociceptive effects by acting on different ion channels and NO
pathways, however, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
