![conference banner](/images/conference-banner.jpeg)
Abstract
Background: In steady state conditions intestinal immune homeostasis is maintained by a sophisticated bidirectional dialogue between the microbiota and the intestinal immune system. This “cross talk“ is enabled by the presence of highly adapted secretory cells, sampling cells and pattern recognition receptors in the gastric epithelium.
Methods: Herein we discuss the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of intestinal homeostasis and the development of systemic immune activation and neuroinflammation with a view to discussing the importance of these processes, in tandem with genetic and environmental factors, in the pathophysiology of (auto)immune diseases.Data is presented explaining how immune tolerance is maintained and how it may breakdown.
Conclusion: The breakdown of immune homeostasis following the development of gut inflammation, caused for example by gut dysbiosis, and the consequent increased intestinal permeability, is increasingly considered to be the ultimate source of the systemic immune activation and T helper 17/T regulatory cell imbalances, and maybe neurological disturbances, seen in autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. Increased intestinal permeability and translocation of commensal antigens into the systemic circulation is also a likely cause of the severe fatigue and an almost bewildering range of neurocognitive, neuroimaging and overall symptom presentations seen in patients with a diagnosis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
Keywords: Microbiota, microbiome, leaky gut, intestinal permeability, autoimmunity, inflammation.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:The Role of Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune and Neuroimmune Processes with an Emphasis on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Volume: 22 Issue: 40
Author(s): Gerwyn Morris, Michael Berk, André F. Carvalho, Javier R. Caso, Yolanda Sanz and Michael Maes
Affiliation:
Keywords: Microbiota, microbiome, leaky gut, intestinal permeability, autoimmunity, inflammation.
Abstract: Background: In steady state conditions intestinal immune homeostasis is maintained by a sophisticated bidirectional dialogue between the microbiota and the intestinal immune system. This “cross talk“ is enabled by the presence of highly adapted secretory cells, sampling cells and pattern recognition receptors in the gastric epithelium.
Methods: Herein we discuss the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of intestinal homeostasis and the development of systemic immune activation and neuroinflammation with a view to discussing the importance of these processes, in tandem with genetic and environmental factors, in the pathophysiology of (auto)immune diseases.Data is presented explaining how immune tolerance is maintained and how it may breakdown.
Conclusion: The breakdown of immune homeostasis following the development of gut inflammation, caused for example by gut dysbiosis, and the consequent increased intestinal permeability, is increasingly considered to be the ultimate source of the systemic immune activation and T helper 17/T regulatory cell imbalances, and maybe neurological disturbances, seen in autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. Increased intestinal permeability and translocation of commensal antigens into the systemic circulation is also a likely cause of the severe fatigue and an almost bewildering range of neurocognitive, neuroimaging and overall symptom presentations seen in patients with a diagnosis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Morris Gerwyn, Berk Michael, Carvalho F. André, Caso R. Javier, Sanz Yolanda and Maes Michael, The Role of Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune and Neuroimmune Processes with an Emphasis on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (40) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160914182822
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160914182822 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Blood-based biomarkers in large-scale screening for neurodegenerative diseases
Disease biomarkers are necessary tools that can be employ in several clinical context of use (COU), ranging from the (early) diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, to monitor of disease state and/or drug efficacy. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a battery of well-validated biomarkers are available, such as cerebrospinal fluid ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Diabetes mellitus: advances in diagnosis and treatment driving by precision medicine
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with ever increasing prevalence worldwide which is now an epidemic disease affecting 500 million people worldwide. Insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells unable to maintain blood glucose homeostasis is the main feature of this disease. Multifactorial and complex nature of ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
![Wayfinder Image](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Melatonin Could Be Beneficial in SARS-CoV-2 Therapy
The Natural Products Journal Stem Cells in Stroke Repair: Current Success & Future Prospects
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Review: Therapeutic Targeting of HMGB1 in Stroke
Current Drug Delivery Oxidative/Nitrosative Brain Damage in Stress: Possible Target for Neuropsychopharmacological Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents The Characteristics of Entorhinal Cortex Functional Connectivity in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Depression
Current Alzheimer Research Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) in Alzheimers Disease: Is there Any Evidence?
Current Alzheimer Research Dietary Technologies to Optimize Healing from Injury-Induced Inflammation
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Clinical Potential of Worms and their Products in Treating Inflammatory Diseases
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Regulation of P2X3 Receptor Structure and Function
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Nosocomial Tracheobronchitis and Pneumonia Continuum - Target for Inhaled Antibiotics?
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Whos Winning the War? Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori
Current Drug Therapy Survey of NMDA Receptor-related Biomarkers for Depression
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Amylin and its Receptors in Neurodegeneration
Current Protein & Peptide Science Wnt1 Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP1) Targets PRAS40 to Govern β-Amyloid Apoptotic Injury of Microglia
Current Neurovascular Research The Genetics of Small-Vessel Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Defensins: Key Molecules in Ocular Surface Protection
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression: Potential Use in Diagnosis and Drug Evaluation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neuron-Microglia Interactions in Motor Neuron Degeneration. The Inflammatory Hypothesis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Revisited
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of Neurotrophins in Neuropathic Pain
Current Neuropharmacology Establishment of Method for the Determination of Aggregated α-Synuclein in DLB Patient Using RT-QuIC Assay
Protein & Peptide Letters