Title:Preclinical Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Advantages and Limitations Towards Better Therapies
Volume: 23
Issue: 14
Author(s): Alessandro Didonna
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Multiple sclerosis, demyelination, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, autoimmunity, cuprizone,
lysolecithin, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, murine hepatitis virus.
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an
unknown etiology. MS complex pathophysiology—characterized by CNS inflammation,
demyelination and axonal injury—has made its modeling in experimental systems particularly
problematic. Moreover, the evidence that MS does not naturally occur in other species
has further complicated MS preclinical studies. Through the years, several MS in vivo models
have been developed. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) represents the
most widely used MS experimental model and relies upon the autoimmune paradigm to explore MS neuropathology.
Although EAE has been instrumental in understanding the molecular events which take place upon
neuroinflammation, not all MS hallmarks can be efficiently shaped within this conceptual frameshift. Thus,
alternative models of CNS demyelination have been characterized, either based on viral infection or neurotoxin
administration. However imperfect, these models have greatly improved our knowledge of the immune
system's function in health and disease. On the other side, their intrinsic distance from MS has often led to
misinterpreting and overestimating the data gleaned from these experimental systems. In this review, each
model will be discussed in the light of its potentiality to mimic MS and translate the most promising therapies
to patients. In addition, we will address how new genomic technologies can help improve the existing models.
