Title:Identifying S100B as a Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target For Brain Injury and Multiple Diseases
Volume: 23
Issue: 15
Author(s): Zhao Zhong Chong, Benjarat Changyaleket, Haoliang Xu, Randy O. Dull and David E. Schwartz
Affiliation:
Keywords:
RAGE, PI3K, MAPK, neurodegeneration, stroke, diabetes, biomarker.
Abstract: The calcium binding protein S100B has attracted great attention as a biomarker
for a variety of diseases. S100B is mainly expressed in glial cells and functions through intracellular
and extracellular signaling pathways. The biological roles of S100B have been
closely associated with its concentrations and its physiological states. The released S100B
can bind to the receptor of advanced glycation end products and induce the initiation of multiple
cell signaling transductions. The regulation of S100B bioactivities has been suggested
through phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, p53, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transcriptional factors including
nuclear factor-kappaB, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The levels of S100B in the blood may function
to predict the progress or the prognosis of many kinds of diseases, such as cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative
diseases, motor neuron diseases, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, depression, diabetes
mellitus, myocardial infarction, cancer, and infectious diseases. Given that the activity of S100B has been implicated
in the pathological process of these diseases, S100B should not be simply regarded as a biomarker, it
may also function as therapeutic target for these diseases. Further elucidation of the roles of S100B may formulate
innovative therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases.
