Abstract
The calcium binding protein S100B has attracted great attention as a biomarker for a variety of diseases. S100B is mainly expressed in glial cells and functions through intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. The biological roles of S100B have been closely associated with its concentrations and its physiological states. The released S100B can bind to the receptor of advanced glycation end products and induce the initiation of multiple cell signaling transductions. The regulation of S100B bioactivities has been suggested through phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, p53, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transcriptional factors including nuclear factor-kappaB, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The levels of S100B in the blood may function to predict the progress or the prognosis of many kinds of diseases, such as cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, motor neuron diseases, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, depression, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, cancer, and infectious diseases. Given that the activity of S100B has been implicated in the pathological process of these diseases, S100B should not be simply regarded as a biomarker, it may also function as therapeutic target for these diseases. Further elucidation of the roles of S100B may formulate innovative therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases.
Keywords: RAGE, PI3K, MAPK, neurodegeneration, stroke, diabetes, biomarker.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Identifying S100B as a Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target For Brain Injury and Multiple Diseases
Volume: 23 Issue: 15
Author(s): Zhao Zhong Chong, Benjarat Changyaleket, Haoliang Xu, Randy O. Dull and David E. Schwartz
Affiliation:
Keywords: RAGE, PI3K, MAPK, neurodegeneration, stroke, diabetes, biomarker.
Abstract: The calcium binding protein S100B has attracted great attention as a biomarker for a variety of diseases. S100B is mainly expressed in glial cells and functions through intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. The biological roles of S100B have been closely associated with its concentrations and its physiological states. The released S100B can bind to the receptor of advanced glycation end products and induce the initiation of multiple cell signaling transductions. The regulation of S100B bioactivities has been suggested through phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, p53, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transcriptional factors including nuclear factor-kappaB, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The levels of S100B in the blood may function to predict the progress or the prognosis of many kinds of diseases, such as cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, motor neuron diseases, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, depression, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, cancer, and infectious diseases. Given that the activity of S100B has been implicated in the pathological process of these diseases, S100B should not be simply regarded as a biomarker, it may also function as therapeutic target for these diseases. Further elucidation of the roles of S100B may formulate innovative therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Chong Zhong Zhao, Changyaleket Benjarat, Xu Haoliang, Dull O. Randy and Schwartz E. David, Identifying S100B as a Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target For Brain Injury and Multiple Diseases, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 23 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160406121117
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160406121117 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Blood-brain Barrier Dysfunction in Cerebrovascular Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology Diabetic Complications: An Update on Pathobiology and Therapeutic Strategies
Current Diabetes Reviews Commentary: Toward a Personalized Medicine in Wake-Up Stroke?
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Preservation Solutions for Solid Organ Transplantation
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Striatal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 in Parkinson’s Disease: Bridging Molecular Studies and Clinical Trials
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide and H2S-donors in Myocardial Protection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Current Medicinal Chemistry <i>In Vivo/Ex Vivo</i> EPR Investigation of the Brain Redox Status and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Imaging Epigenetics in Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Synthesized 2-Trifluoromethylquinazolines and Quinazolinones Protect BV2 and N2a Cells against LPS- and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced Cytotoxicity
Medicinal Chemistry Optic Nerve and Cerebral Edema in the Course of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Current Neuropharmacology Relationships of Beta2- and Beta3--Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms with Obesity, Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome
Current Hypertension Reviews Secretoneurin: A New Player in Angiogenesis and Chemotaxis Linking Nerves, Blood Vessels and the Immune System
Current Protein & Peptide Science Novel Therapies Based on Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Recent Software Developments and Applications in Functional Imaging
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Disorders of Respiration and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Effects of Sleep Medications on Cognition, Psychomotor Skills, Memory and Driving Performance in the Elderly
Current Psychiatry Reviews Atomoxetine Protects Against NMDA Receptor-mediated Hippocampal Neuronal Death Following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia
Current Neurovascular Research Editorial [Hot Topic: Citokines and Inflammation Markers in Ischemic Stroke (Executive Editor: Antonino Tuttolomondo)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multifunctional Ligands with Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibitory Activity as a New Direction in Drug Research for Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Preclinical Studies and Clinical Trials with Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Demyelinating Diseases: A Systematic Review
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy