Title:Bioactivity of Hybrid Polymeric Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Drug Delivery
Volume: 22
Issue: 22
Author(s): Leena Mohammed, Doaa Ragab and Hassan Gomaa
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Hybrid-magnetic nanoparticles, iron oxide, superparamagnetic, drug delivery, polymer coating, biomedical applications,
mathematical models.
Abstract: Background: Engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) possess unique properties and hold great potential
in biomedicine and clinical applications. With their magnetic properties and their ability to work at cellular
and molecular level, MNP have been applied both in-vitro and in-vivo in targeted drug delivery and imaging. Focusing
on Iron Oxide Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs), this paper elaborates on the recent advances in
development of hybrid polymeric-magnetic nanoparticles. Their main applications in drug delivery include
Chemotherapeutics, Hyperthermia treatment, Radio-therapeutics, Gene delivary, and Biotheraputics.
Physiochemical properties such as size, shape, surface and magnetic properties are key factors in determining their
behavior. Additionally tailoring SPIONs surface is often vital for desired cell targetting and improved efficiency.
Polymer coating is specifically reviewed with brief discussion of SPIONs administration routes. Commonly used
drug release models for describing release mechanisms and the nanotoxicity aspects are also discussed. Methods: This review focus on
superparamagnetic nanoparticles coated with different types of polymers starting with the key physiochemical features that dominate
their behavior. The importance of surface modification is addressed. Subsequently, the major classes of polymer modified iron oxide
nanoparticles is demonstrated according to their clinical use and application. Clinically approved nanoparticles are then addressed and the
different routes of administration are mentioned. Lastly, mathematical models of drug release profile of the common used nanoparticles
are addressed. Results: MNPs emerging in recent medicine are remarkable for both imaging and therapeutics, particularly, as drug carriers
for their great potential in targeted delivery and cancer treatment. Targeting ability and biocompatibility can be improved though surface
coating which provides a mean to alter the surface features including physical characteristics and chemical functionality. The use of
biocompatible polymers can prevent aggregation, increase colloidal stability, evades nanoparticles uptake by RES, and can provide a surface
for conjugation of targeting ligands such as peptide and biomolecules with high affinity to target cells. Conclusion: Great efforts to
bring MNPs from lab testing stage to clinic are needed to understand their physicochemical properties and how they behave in vivo,
which resulted in few of them to exist in the market today. Although magnetic nanoparticles have not yet fully reached their optimal
safety and efficiency due to the challenges they face in vivo, their shortcomings can be overcome through improvement of magnetictargeted
carrier by pre-clinical trials and continuous studies.
