![conference banner](/images/conference-banner.jpeg)
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium which often follows microbial infections and is a significant cause of sudden unexpected death in the young (<40 years of age) and an underlying cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. Although histologically, the disease is usually associated with infiltration of the myocardium with either eosinophils or leukocytes, use of immunosuppression is controversial outside of giant cell myocarditis and has been found to be of limited value in lymphocytic myocarditis. The relatively limited response might reflect the need for host immunity to control persistent virus infection in the heart which may be the predominant cause of the chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Treating the persistent virus infection with interferon-beta improved cardiac function in a clinical trial. However, classic immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclosporine A and cyclophosphamide, are not effective against all types of immunity and experimental myocarditis models have shown that certain immunopathogenic forms of the disease are resistant to these immunosuppressive agents. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disease and the various infectious agents which can cause it will be essential for developing effective therapeutic agents.
Keywords: Myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, picornaviruses, autoimmunity, fibrosis, persistent infection, immunosuppression, endothelial-mesenchymal transition.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Viral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology and Pathogenesis
Volume: 22 Issue: 4
Author(s): Sally A. Huber
Affiliation:
Keywords: Myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, picornaviruses, autoimmunity, fibrosis, persistent infection, immunosuppression, endothelial-mesenchymal transition.
Abstract: Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium which often follows microbial infections and is a significant cause of sudden unexpected death in the young (<40 years of age) and an underlying cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. Although histologically, the disease is usually associated with infiltration of the myocardium with either eosinophils or leukocytes, use of immunosuppression is controversial outside of giant cell myocarditis and has been found to be of limited value in lymphocytic myocarditis. The relatively limited response might reflect the need for host immunity to control persistent virus infection in the heart which may be the predominant cause of the chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Treating the persistent virus infection with interferon-beta improved cardiac function in a clinical trial. However, classic immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclosporine A and cyclophosphamide, are not effective against all types of immunity and experimental myocarditis models have shown that certain immunopathogenic forms of the disease are resistant to these immunosuppressive agents. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disease and the various infectious agents which can cause it will be essential for developing effective therapeutic agents.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Huber A. Sally, Viral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology and Pathogenesis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151222160500
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151222160500 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Blood-based biomarkers in large-scale screening for neurodegenerative diseases
Disease biomarkers are necessary tools that can be employ in several clinical context of use (COU), ranging from the (early) diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, to monitor of disease state and/or drug efficacy. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a battery of well-validated biomarkers are available, such as cerebrospinal fluid ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Diabetes mellitus: advances in diagnosis and treatment driving by precision medicine
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with ever increasing prevalence worldwide which is now an epidemic disease affecting 500 million people worldwide. Insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells unable to maintain blood glucose homeostasis is the main feature of this disease. Multifactorial and complex nature of ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
![Wayfinder Image](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Atrial Conduction Disorders
Current Cardiology Reviews Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency Treated with Intravenous Iron: A Meta-analysis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Comparison of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Clinical Features in Patients Depending on Involvement or Absence of Kidney Involvement
Current Rheumatology Reviews Potential Therapeutic Targets in Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 as an Anticancer Drug Target: Novel Experimental Findings and Trends in the Design of Inhibitors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Review
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Biologics and the Cardiovascular System: A Double-Edged Sword
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Variable Presentations of Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV: A Review of Clinical, Enzymatic and Molecular Studies
Current Molecular Medicine Reduction of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Using Nanocarriers: A Review
Current Drug Metabolism The Emerging Role of Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Musculoskeletal Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Exercise as a platform for pharmacotherapy development in cardiac diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Renin Angiotensin System as a Regulator of Cell Volume. Implications to Myocardial Ischemia
Current Cardiology Reviews Antitumoral Potential of Artepillin C, a Compound Derived from Brazilian Propolis, against Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Myogenic Properties of Brain and Cardiac Vessels and their Relation to Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Refined Echocardiographic Assessment and Contemporary Medical Treatment of Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Cardio-Rheumatology: Cardiovascular Complications in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases / Is Inflammation the Common Link and Target?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Targeting Antioxidants to Mitochondria: A Potential New Therapeutic Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design microRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Small Molecules but Big Roles
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Review on the Clinical Pharmacology of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate for the Treatment of COVID-19
Current Drug Metabolism Diagnostic Approach to Mitochondrial Disorders: the Need for a Reliable Biomarker
Current Molecular Medicine