Abstract
Inhibiting the HIV-1 entry process offer a new therapeutic target and the hope to potentialize our current treatments against wild-type or drug-resistant viruses. Several inhibitors of CD4, co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 and fusion are at various levels of clinical development. How best to use this class of drugs in our therapeutic arsenal remains to be defined. It is likely that these compounds will not be used as monotherapy. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how these drugs will interact among themselves as well as with antiretrovirals from other classes. Drug interactions can range from synergy to antagonism depending on factors including binding affinity, drug concentrations, and pharmacokinetics. In the case of entry inhibitors, one must also consider that the entry of HIV-1 into the cell is a multi-step process that involve cumulative events which are interdependent. Furthermore, polymorphism both in the coreceptors and in gp120, the density of coreceptors, and the binding site of the drug may also affect efficacy. Therefore it is difficult to predict how blocking one step of the process will affect the subsequent one without carefully studying interactions of each potential combination in an in vitro system. So far, studies of interactions between fusion inhibitors and coreceptor inhibitors have shown a high level of synergy. Similar studies performed with two co-receptor inhibitors have shown results varying from synergy to high antagonism depending on the viral isolate and the compounds used. In the following chapter, we will review some concepts of mechanisms that may affect these interactions.
Keywords: hiv-1 entry inhibitors, drug-resistant viruses, co-receptor ccr5, drug interactions, entry inhibitors, antiretrovirals
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Effects of HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors in Combination
Volume: 10 Issue: 15
Author(s): Cecile Tremblay
Affiliation:
Keywords: hiv-1 entry inhibitors, drug-resistant viruses, co-receptor ccr5, drug interactions, entry inhibitors, antiretrovirals
Abstract: Inhibiting the HIV-1 entry process offer a new therapeutic target and the hope to potentialize our current treatments against wild-type or drug-resistant viruses. Several inhibitors of CD4, co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 and fusion are at various levels of clinical development. How best to use this class of drugs in our therapeutic arsenal remains to be defined. It is likely that these compounds will not be used as monotherapy. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how these drugs will interact among themselves as well as with antiretrovirals from other classes. Drug interactions can range from synergy to antagonism depending on factors including binding affinity, drug concentrations, and pharmacokinetics. In the case of entry inhibitors, one must also consider that the entry of HIV-1 into the cell is a multi-step process that involve cumulative events which are interdependent. Furthermore, polymorphism both in the coreceptors and in gp120, the density of coreceptors, and the binding site of the drug may also affect efficacy. Therefore it is difficult to predict how blocking one step of the process will affect the subsequent one without carefully studying interactions of each potential combination in an in vitro system. So far, studies of interactions between fusion inhibitors and coreceptor inhibitors have shown a high level of synergy. Similar studies performed with two co-receptor inhibitors have shown results varying from synergy to high antagonism depending on the viral isolate and the compounds used. In the following chapter, we will review some concepts of mechanisms that may affect these interactions.
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Cite this article as:
Tremblay Cecile, Effects of HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors in Combination, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2004; 10 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043384501
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043384501 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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