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Abstract
Fuel sensors such as glucose, insulin or leptin, are known to be directly involved in the regulation of fertility at each level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The discovery of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors has revealed the link between lipid/glucose availability and long-term metabolic adaptation. By binding to specific regions of DNA in heterodimers with the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), the members of the PPAR family (α, β/δ, γ) are able to regulate the gene expressions of several key regulators of energy homeostasis including several glucose regulators (glucose transporters, insulin receptor, substrate insulin receptor, etc), and also metabolic and endocrine pathways like lipogenesis, steroidogenesis, ovulation, oocyte maturation, maintenance of the corpus luteum, nitric oxide system, several proteases and plasminogen activator among others. All the three PPAR isoforms are expressed in different tissues of the female reproductive tract and regulate gametogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum regression and the implantation process among others. The present review discusses the mechanisms involved in PPAR activation focusing on endogenous and synthetic ligands of PPAR not only in physiological but also in pathological conditions (such as polycystic ovary syndrome, pathologies of implantation process, chronic anovulation, etc).
Keywords: Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR), female reproductive tract, infertility, fuel sensors, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, prostaglandins, ovary, uterus.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:The Biology of the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor System in the Female Reproductive Tract
Volume: 19 Issue: 25
Author(s): Leandro Martín Velez, Giselle Adriana Abruzzese and Alicia Beatriz Motta
Affiliation:
Keywords: Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR), female reproductive tract, infertility, fuel sensors, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, prostaglandins, ovary, uterus.
Abstract: Fuel sensors such as glucose, insulin or leptin, are known to be directly involved in the regulation of fertility at each level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The discovery of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors has revealed the link between lipid/glucose availability and long-term metabolic adaptation. By binding to specific regions of DNA in heterodimers with the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), the members of the PPAR family (α, β/δ, γ) are able to regulate the gene expressions of several key regulators of energy homeostasis including several glucose regulators (glucose transporters, insulin receptor, substrate insulin receptor, etc), and also metabolic and endocrine pathways like lipogenesis, steroidogenesis, ovulation, oocyte maturation, maintenance of the corpus luteum, nitric oxide system, several proteases and plasminogen activator among others. All the three PPAR isoforms are expressed in different tissues of the female reproductive tract and regulate gametogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum regression and the implantation process among others. The present review discusses the mechanisms involved in PPAR activation focusing on endogenous and synthetic ligands of PPAR not only in physiological but also in pathological conditions (such as polycystic ovary syndrome, pathologies of implantation process, chronic anovulation, etc).
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Cite this article as:
Velez Martín Leandro, Abruzzese Adriana Giselle and Motta Beatriz Alicia, The Biology of the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor System in the Female Reproductive Tract, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (25) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319250010
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319250010 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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