Title:Dexmedetomidine: A Review of its Use for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit
Volume: 19
Issue: 22
Author(s): Kevin E. Anger
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Dexmedetomidine, intensive care unit, sedation, agitation, pain, analgesia, and delirium.
Abstract: Management of pain, agitation, and delirium is a complex process requiring a multimodal approach to optimize patient outcomes.
Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 agonist with sedative and analgesic properties that has demonstrated efficacy in
managing pain, agitation, and delirium in a variety of critically ill patient populations. Dexmedetomidine has demonstrated the ability to
provide a mild to moderate level of sedation in diverse ICU populations compared to conventional sedative regimens. Recent literature
has demonstrated improved outcomes with dexmedetomidine based vs. benzodiazepine based sedation therapy in select mechanically
ventilated ICU patients. However, dexmedetomidine therapy has also been associated with adverse cardiovascular events including hypotension,
bradycardia, and asystole. The clinical pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy, safety considerations, controversies, and future directions
of dexmedetomidine therapy in the ICU setting will be discussed.
