Title:Actinic Keratosis: Review of the Literature and New Patents
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Author(s): Carmen Cantisani, Federico De Gado, Martina Ulrich, Ugo Bottoni, Francis Iacobellis, Antonio G. Richetta and Stefano Calvieri
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Actinic damage- field cancerisation- immunomodulation-non melanoma skin cancer-topical treatment.
Abstract: Actinic Keratoses (AK) are considered a worldwide problem with continuously increasing incidence. They
clinically present as rough or scaly plaques and are histologically characterized by a proliferation of atypical keratinocytes
limited to the epidermis. AK are considered as an early step in the continuum of transformation from normal skin to invasive
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These lesions develop on a background of field cancerization in which chronically
UV- damaged-areas accumulate molecular changes, but remain clinically normal for prolonged periods. The presence of
certain clinical features of AK, such as large size, ulceration, or bleeding, suggests an increased risk of disease progression.
The risk is also increased by evidence of extensive solar damage, advanced age, and immune-suppression. Many
treatment modalities are available, although recent developments have focused on the management of the whole actinically
damaged field. In this regard, several topical drugs have been approved, differing in efficacy, side effects, application
and cost. Research continuingly aims to develop the “ideal” treatment which combines high clearance rates with few
side effects, short treatment duration and low costs. Herein, we aim to give an overview on current treatment modalities
including their mechanism of action, application scheme and common side effects. Furthermore, recent patents in the field
and future aspects are discussed in this review.
