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Abstract
In human pathologies, therapeutic treatments are often limited by the lack of selectivity of drugs and their elevated effective concentrations. Targeting these agents to a defined tissue could enhance their selectivity and then diminish their side effects when compared to drugs that accumulate in the entire body. Targeting could also improve treatment efficiency by allowing a localized high concentration of the agents. Based on the different behaviors and patterns of expression between diseased and normal cells, strategies for targeting can be explored. For example, receptors, proteases or trans-membrane carriers could be different or differently expressed. Many therapeutic procedures rely on this fact, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is already used in the treatment of some cancers, of inflammatory diseases and others diseases such as age-related macular degeneration or acne. PDT relies on the activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by visible light which results in the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. In PDT, the general distribution of PS to the whole body leads to generalized photosensitization and poor acceptance of treatments by patients. One way to avoid these effects is to improve the targeting of PSs to diseased tissues using modification of PS with peptides or proteins that will target specific receptors or enzymes. PSs could also be functionalized with non-proteic ligands such as organometalics to achieve targeted and/or combined therapies. Alternatively, PSs could be encapsulated in nanoparticles bearing targeting agents which will decrease concentration of free circulating PS and improve photodynamic efficiency. These different approaches will be discussed in the present review with an emphasis on the use of peptides and proteins.
Keywords: Photodynamic Therapy, Drug Targeting, Peptides, Proteins, Nanoparticles, Organometallics, PHOTOSENSITIZERS, NON-PROTEIN LIGANDS, arene-ruthenium, Monoclonal Antibodies
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Drug Targeting Strategies for Photodynamic Therapy
Volume: 12 Issue: 5
Author(s): Frederic Schmitt and Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
Affiliation:
Keywords: Photodynamic Therapy, Drug Targeting, Peptides, Proteins, Nanoparticles, Organometallics, PHOTOSENSITIZERS, NON-PROTEIN LIGANDS, arene-ruthenium, Monoclonal Antibodies
Abstract: In human pathologies, therapeutic treatments are often limited by the lack of selectivity of drugs and their elevated effective concentrations. Targeting these agents to a defined tissue could enhance their selectivity and then diminish their side effects when compared to drugs that accumulate in the entire body. Targeting could also improve treatment efficiency by allowing a localized high concentration of the agents. Based on the different behaviors and patterns of expression between diseased and normal cells, strategies for targeting can be explored. For example, receptors, proteases or trans-membrane carriers could be different or differently expressed. Many therapeutic procedures rely on this fact, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is already used in the treatment of some cancers, of inflammatory diseases and others diseases such as age-related macular degeneration or acne. PDT relies on the activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by visible light which results in the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. In PDT, the general distribution of PS to the whole body leads to generalized photosensitization and poor acceptance of treatments by patients. One way to avoid these effects is to improve the targeting of PSs to diseased tissues using modification of PS with peptides or proteins that will target specific receptors or enzymes. PSs could also be functionalized with non-proteic ligands such as organometalics to achieve targeted and/or combined therapies. Alternatively, PSs could be encapsulated in nanoparticles bearing targeting agents which will decrease concentration of free circulating PS and improve photodynamic efficiency. These different approaches will be discussed in the present review with an emphasis on the use of peptides and proteins.
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Cite this article as:
Schmitt Frederic and Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne, Drug Targeting Strategies for Photodynamic Therapy, Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2012; 12 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152012800617830
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152012800617830 |
Print ISSN 1871-5206 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5992 |
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