Title:Local Inflammation in Chronic Upper Airway Disease
Volume: 18
Issue: 16
Author(s): Lien Calus, Thibaut Van Zele, Lara Derycke, Olga Krysko, Tineke Dutre, Peter Tomassen, Melissa Dullaers, Claus Bachert and Philippe Gevaert
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, inflammation, treatment
Abstract: Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), a chronic upper airway inflammation, is an inflammation of the nose and the paranasal cavities
and is highly prevalent. Chronic rhinosinusitis is currently classified as CRS with nasal polyps or CRS without nasal polyps. This review
highlights the pathophysiological differences in CRS on remodeling and on T-cell patterns. Nasal polyps have a high co-morbidity with
the lower airway inflammatory disease, asthma. Evidence is accumulating for the role of superantigens, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins,
in CRS with nasal polyps and asthma, both T helper 2 –biased diseases. Until today there are no biomarkers involved in the diagnosis
of CRS or the treatment follow-up. Further differentiation of the phenotype of the disease is needed, which will reflect in the development
of new biomarkers and in new innovative treatment options. Defining and predicting response to therapy in individual CRS patients
is a challenge for future research.
