Abstract
Oxidative stress is the main pathophysiological mechanism involved in the development of stroke. Severe DNA damage induced by oxidative stress or apoptotic stimuli activates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), causing a rapid depletion of nuclear NAD pools, cellular energy, and thiols. The biochemical activity of nicotinamide in the body is based on its conversion into NAD. Nicotinamide and its structural analogues possess a weak inhibitory effect on PARP. Nicotinamide exerts its neuroprotective effects by increasing NAD synthesis and ATP production indirectly and inhibiting PARP directly. By inhibiting PARP, membrane phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation, nicotinamide can prevent brain necrosis and apoptosis effectively. Administration of nicotinamide at an early stage of stroke provides a new means to rescue the still viable but injured nerve cells within the ischemic and limit areas.
Keywords: Nicotinamide, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, neuroprotective
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery
Title: Structure Activity Relationships for Nicotinamide in the Treatment of Stroke
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
Author(s): Jun Yang and James D. Adams Jr.
Affiliation:
Keywords: Nicotinamide, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, neuroprotective
Abstract: Oxidative stress is the main pathophysiological mechanism involved in the development of stroke. Severe DNA damage induced by oxidative stress or apoptotic stimuli activates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), causing a rapid depletion of nuclear NAD pools, cellular energy, and thiols. The biochemical activity of nicotinamide in the body is based on its conversion into NAD. Nicotinamide and its structural analogues possess a weak inhibitory effect on PARP. Nicotinamide exerts its neuroprotective effects by increasing NAD synthesis and ATP production indirectly and inhibiting PARP directly. By inhibiting PARP, membrane phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation, nicotinamide can prevent brain necrosis and apoptosis effectively. Administration of nicotinamide at an early stage of stroke provides a new means to rescue the still viable but injured nerve cells within the ischemic and limit areas.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Yang Jun and Adams Jr. D. James, Structure Activity Relationships for Nicotinamide in the Treatment of Stroke, Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 2004; 1 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180043485716
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180043485716 |
Print ISSN 1570-1808 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-628X |
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Current Status of Carotid Stenting
Current Vascular Pharmacology MicroRNAs as Early Biomarkers in Obesity and Related Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging The Clinical Utility and Assessment of Renal Biomarkers in Acute Kidney Injury After Abdominal Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. A Systematic Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current Management of Neonatal Liver Tumors
Current Pediatric Reviews Multiscale Imaging of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery
Current Drug Targets Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque: Clinical Implications
Current Vascular Pharmacology Combined Dyslipidemia: Should the Focus be LDL Cholesterol or Atherogenic Dyslipidemia?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Consequences and Possible Drug Targets
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Brain Drug Delivery Systems for the Stroke Intervention and Recovery
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chemistry and Theranostic Applications of Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular, Oncological, and Pulmonary Research
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Crosstalk between Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Arterial Stiffness
Current Vascular Pharmacology Doxycycline in Mitochondrial Mediated Pathway of Apoptosis: A Systematic Review
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Natural Products to Anti-trypanosomal Drugs: An Overview of New Drug Prototypes for American Trypanosomiasis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Agonists of the Tissue-Protective Erythropoietin Receptor in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Impact of Ultrasound Contrast Agents in Echocardiographic Assessment of Ischemic Heart Disease
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Why and how do Microbubbles Enhance the Effectiveness of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions in Cerebrovascular Disease?
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Update on the Role of the Quality of LDL in Cardiovascular Risk:The Contribution of the Universities of Palermo and Zurich
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Recent Advances in Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury
Current Neuropharmacology Omega-3 Nutrition Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy
Current Diabetes Reviews