Generic placeholder image

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

Adenosine A1 Receptors in the Central Nervous System: Their Functions in Health and Disease, and Possible Elucidation by PET Imaging

Author(s): S. Paul, P. H. Elsinga, K. Ishiwata, R. A.J.O. Dierckx and A. van Waarde

Volume 18, Issue 31, 2011

Page: [4820 - 4835] Pages: 16

DOI: 10.2174/092986711797535335

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Adenosine is a neuromodulator with several functions in the central nervous system (CNS), such as inhibition of neuronal activity in many signaling pathways. Most of the sedating, anxiolytic, seizure-inhibiting and protective actions of adenosine are mediated by adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) on the surface of neurons and glia. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a powerful in vivo imaging tool which can be applied to investigate the physiologic and pathologic roles of A1R in the human brain, and to elucidate the mechanism of action of therapeutic drugs targeting adenosine receptors, nucleoside transporters and adenosine-degrading enzymes. In this review article, we discuss (i) functions of adenosine and its receptors in cerebral metabolism; (ii) radioligands for A1R imaging: xanthine antagonists, non-xanthine antagonists, and agonists; (iii) roles of A1R in health and disease, viz. sleep-wake regulation, modulation of memory retention and retrieval, mediating the effects of alcohol consumption, protecting neurons during ischemia and reperfusion, suppression of seizures, modulating neuroinflammation and limiting brain damage in neurodegenerative disorders. The application of PET imaging could lead to novel insights in these areas. Finally (iv), we discuss the application of PET in pharmacodynamic studies and we examine therapeutic applications of adenosine kinase inhibitors, e.g. in the treatment of pain, inflammation, and epilepsy.

Keywords: Adenosine, Alcohol Abuse, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Drug Development, Epilepsy, Inflammation, Multiple Sclerosis, Pain, Parkinson's Disease, Positron Emission Tomography, Receptor Imaging, Sleep, Stroke


Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy