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Review Article

A Review on the use of Synthetic and Recombinant Antigens for the Immunodiagnosis of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

Author(s): Kamila Alves Silva, Anna Júlia Ribeiro, Isadora Braga Gandra, Carlos Ananias Aparecido Resende, Lucas da Silva Lopes, Carolina Alves Petit Couto, Verônica de Araujo Freire, Isabelle Caroline Santos Barcelos, Sabrina Paula Pereira, Sandra Rodrigues Xavier, Mariana Campos da Paz, Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti, Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli, Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho and Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino*

Volume 31, Issue 30, 2024

Published on: 19 March, 2024

Page: [4763 - 4780] Pages: 18

DOI: 10.2174/0109298673298705240311114203

open access plus

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

Improving the diagnostic technology used to detect tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is essential in view of it being a widespread, often neglected tropical disease, with cases reported from the Southern United States to Northern Argentina. Recombinant proteins, recombinant multiepitope proteins, and synthetic peptides have been extensively researched and used in disease diagnosis. One of the benefits of applying these antigens is a measurable increase in sensitivity and specificity, which improves test accuracy. The present review aims to describe the use of these antigens and their diagnostic effectiveness. With that in mind, a bibliographic survey was conducted on the PudMed platform using the search terms “tegumentary leishmaniasis” AND “diagno”, revealing that recombinant proteins have been described and evaluated for their value in TL diagnosis since the 1990s. However, there was a spike in the number of publications using all of the antigens between 2013 and 2022, confirming an expansion in research efforts to improve diagnosis. Moreover, all of the studies involving different antigens had promising results, including improved sensitivity and specificity. These data recognize the importance of doing research with new technologies focused on developing quick, more effective diagnostic kits as early diagnosis facilitates treatment.

Keywords: Tegumentary leishmaniasis, diagnosis, recombinant protein, recombinant multiepitope protein, synthetic peptide, etiologic agents.

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