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Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

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Review Article

An Overlooked Disease: Minimal Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS). A Narrative Review

Author(s): Stephanie Farah*, Leah Nasr and Jocelyne Eid Fares

Volume 24, Issue 13, 2024

Published on: 16 February, 2024

Page: [1518 - 1524] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/0118715303266569231129101847

Price: $65

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Abstract

Background: A far more common disease than Cushing’s syndrome is subclinical hypercortisolism or mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), with an overall prevalence of 0.2-2%.

Objective: This review aims to shed light on the prevalence, screening and diagnostic criteria, comorbidities, and management of Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS).

Methods: Studies eligible targeted MACS regarding prevalence, screening, comorbidities, management, and clinical outcome. This is a narrative-review. IRB approval was not needed.

Results: The 1 mg Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) remains the first screening test. MACS is associated with adverse cardiometabolic and renal outcomes, osteoporosis and osteopenia, immunodeficiency, depression, coagulopathy, and sarcopenia. Surgery is the gold standard treatment. Medical therapy is recommended when surgery is contraindicated or not feasible. Clinically silent hypercortisolism is a frequent entity that necessitates early detection and treatment. The production of cortisol should be looked at as a spectrum where subtle, undetectable levels can still be produced. They know its association with adverse health outcomes.

Conclusion: MACS is no longer considered an asymptomatic disorder; repeated hormonal and functional tests are crucial to prevent multiorgan damage.

Keywords: MACS, comorbidities, management, prevalence, diagnosis, screening.

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