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Review Article

A Mechanistic Review on Protective Effects of Mangosteen and its Xanthones Against Hazardous Materials and Toxins

Author(s): Roghayeh Yahyazadeh, Vafa Baradaran Rahimi, Ahmad Yahyazadeh and Vahid Reza Askari*

Volume 22, Issue 12, 2024

Published on: 14 March, 2024

Page: [1986 - 2015] Pages: 30

DOI: 10.2174/1570159X22666240212142655

Price: $65

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Abstract

Due to its pharmacological properties, α-Mangostin, mainly found in Garcinia mangostana (G. mangostana) L. (Mangosteen, queen of fruits), treats wounds, skin infections, and many other disorders. In fact, α-Mangostin and other xanthonoid, including β-Mangostin and γ-Mangostin, are found in G. mangostana, which have various advantages, namely neuroprotective, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic through multiple signaling mechanisms, for instance, extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK 1/2), mitogenactivated Protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This review presents comprehensive information on Mangosteen's pharmacological and antitoxic aspects and its xanthones against various natural and chemical toxins. Because of the insufficient clinical study, we hope the current research can benefit from performing clinical and preclinical studies against different toxic agents.

Keywords: Neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, fruit, xanthones, mangosteen, AMP-activated protein kinases, Parkinson's disease.

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