Title:Ameliorating Gonorrhea: Recent Therapeutic Adaptations and Scope to
Improve its Prevailing Condition
Volume: 24
Issue: 5
Author(s): Munyaradzi Amon Bishi, Palwinder Kaur*, Manish Vyas*Sandeep Sharma
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144401, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144401, India
Keywords:
Gonorrhea, infectious disease, prevalence, WHO therapy, Gonorrhea Vaccine, Antimicrobial resistance.
Abstract:
Background: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria
Neisseria gonorrhoeae. According to recent research, the prevalence of gonorrhea has been increasing
in many parts of the world, with some areas reporting high rates of antibiotic resistance. In the
United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that the number of
reported gonorrhea cases increased by 56% between 2015 and 2019. Globally, the World Health Organization
(WHO) estimated that there were 87 million new cases of gonorrhea in 2016, with the
highest burden of infection in low- and middle-income countries. Research has also shown that gonorrhea
is becoming increasingly resistant to conventional antibiotics, increasing the prevalence of
gonorrhea. This raises concerns and challenges in disease management.
Objectives: The present review gives updated insight on the current state of the disease, challenges,
and shortcomings of existing approaches along with the modern and alternative direction like vaccine
development, its challenges, and scope to confront the existing state of drug resistance and increased
rate of incidence. Alternative strategies like immunotherapy and phage therapy along with recent
antibiotics researched for the treatment of gonorrhea.
Conclusion: The review provides a thorough insight into the current state of the disease and various
available methods used currently and recommended by WHO. To overcome disease prevalence, various
alternate therapies are coming into the limelight. However, scientists and researchers show a lack
of interest in the drug development and research of gonorrhea, due to less commercial scope, lack of
funding, and limited scope in the scientific scenario. These hurdles need to be overcome to meet the
WHO vision of reducing gonorrhea by 90% by 2030. So, there is a need to optimize the drug therapy
(optimizing dosing schedule, and precision monitoring) to reduce the chance of drug resistance. Also,
there is a wide scope for drug and therapeutic system development.
