Title:Synthesis of Some Novel 4-bromobenzoic Acid Clubbed Hydrazone Schiff Base Derivatives as Potent α-amylase Inhibitors: In vitro and In silico Studies
Volume: 21
Issue: 15
Author(s): Momin Khan*, Faima Alam, Aftab Alam, Abdul Wadood, Sulaiman Shams, Mahboob Ali, Sana Shah, Abdullah F. AlAsmari, Metab Alharbi and Fawaz Alasmari
Affiliation:
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
Keywords:
Synthesis, α-amylase inhibition, 4-bromobenzoic acid, structure activity relationship, in-vitro, and molecular docking study.
Abstract:
Aims: Synthesis of novel 4-bromobenzoic acid-based hydrazone-Schiff base derivatives
and to screen them for their α-amylase inhibitory activity.
Background: The most often employed organic compounds are derivatives of the hydrazone-
Schiff base. Numerous biological actions, such as antipyretic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative,
anti-malarial, antibacterial, and anti-fungal ones, have been linked to them.
Objective: The biological activities of hydrazone-Schiff base compounds encouraged us to evaluate
the synthesized derivatives (4-32) for in-vitro inhibition activity against the α-amylase enzyme.
Methods: In current research work twenty-nine Schiff base derivatives (4-32) of 4-bromobenzoic
acid were synthesized in worthy yields by treating various replaced aldehydes with 4-
bromobenzohydrazide using methanol solvent in catalytic quantity of acetic acid. The products
were structurally described through the support of several spectroscopic methods (EI-MS and 1HNMR)
and finally evaluated against α-amylase enzyme.
Results: All the made derivatives exhibited worthy inhibition potential from IC50 = 0.21 ± 0.01 to
5.50 ± 0.01 μM when equated to the usual acarbose drug having IC50 = 1.34 ± 0.01 μM. Compound
21 (IC50 = 0.21 ± 0.01 μM) was established as the most active inhibitor among the series
better than standard. The structure-activity relationship study showed that the alteration in the activity
of the produced products might be due to the attached position and nature of the substituents.
Furthermore, in-silico study supported the effects of groups attached on the binding interaction
with α-amylase enzyme.
Conclusion: A series of substituted hydrazone Schiff bases based on 4-bromobenzoic acid were
produced, confirmed the structures by EI-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopic methods and lastly tested
for their in-vitro α-amylase inhibitory potential. Among the series, twenty-four products indicated
brilliant inhibition potential having IC50 values from 0.21 ± 0.01 to 1.30 ± 0.01 μM. The
structure-activity relationship study showed that the alteration in the activity of the synthesized
products might be due to the attached position and nature of the substituents. On the other hand, in
silico studies advocated that the synthesized Schiff base derivatives have prevalent interactions of
binding within the active site of the α-amylase enzyme, and because of their various attached substituent,
their conformation is altered in the active site of the enzyme. The current study recognized
a number of lead candidates derived from 4-bromobenzoic acid. Additional investigation of the
synthesized derivatives for coming research to get novel α-amylase inhibitors.
