Title:Effectiveness of Blood Glucose Time in Range to Reduce Risk of Blood
Glucose Extrusion and Improve Blood Glucose Metrics in Type 1 Diabetic
Patients
Volume: 24
Issue: 10
Author(s): Omar Oraibi*, Mohammed Somaili, Erwa Elmakki, Sameer Alqassimi, Mohammed Ali Madkhali, Mostafa Mohrag, Faisal Abusageah, Mohammed Alhazmi, Samar Alfaifi, Ruba Ageeli, Mohammed Sumayli, Fatimah Arishi, Abdulaziz H. Alhazmi and Abdulrahman Hummadi
Affiliation:
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, CGM, A1C, glucose management indicator, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia.
Abstract:
Background: With evolving diabetes technology, continuous glucose monitoring
(CGM) and time in range have been advanced as critical measurements to assess complications.
They have shown improvement in A1C levels and decreased episodes of blood glucose extrusion.
Aims: This study aimed to assess the awareness and utilization of blood glucose time in range
and its effectiveness in reducing the risk of blood glucose extrusion and improving blood
glucose metrics among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A retrospective study included 342 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were
using the CGM, aiming for a TIR of 70% daily. Glycemic control was followed using TIR data,
blood glucose extrusion frequency (including hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia events), active
sensor time, average blood glucose, and glucose management indicator (GMI) levels.
Results: A total of 342 individuals participated in this study, the majority of whom were below
18 years of age (62.3%). The hypoglycemic frequency was significantly increased compared to
the baseline, and most participants experienced hypoglycemia events (p = 0.0001). The
incidences increased over time, with 90.9% and 93% having hypoglycemia at 60 and 90 days (p
= 0.0001), respectively. The active scan and sensor time were not followed, which led to the
blood glucose target not being achieved, with no improvement throughout the study.
Consequently, no improvement occurred in glycemic control.
Conclusion: CGM technology has been promising and proven effective in improving glycemic.
However, our study did not show these benefits as expected, which could be explained by the
underutilization and improper use of the CGM.
