Title:A Review of Proposed Mechanisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Therapeutic
Strategies for the Disease
Volume: 24
Issue: 3
Author(s): Rupali Mohite and Gaurav Doshi*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
Keywords:
Rheumatoid arthritis, fibroblast, synoviocytes, silent information regulator 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1, protein phosphatase 1A, high mobility group box 1, inflammation.
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial edema, inflammation, bone
and cartilage loss, and joint degradation. Patients experience swelling, stiffness, pain, limited
joint movement, and decreased mobility as the condition worsens. RA treatment regimens often
come with various side effects, including an increased risk of developing cancer and organ
failure, potentially leading to mortality. However, researchers have proposed mechanistic hypotheses
to explain the underlying causes of synovitis and joint damage in RA patients. This
review article focuses on the role of synoviocytes and synoviocytes resembling fibroblasts in
the RA synovium. Additionally, it explores the involvement of epigenetic regulatory systems,
such as microRNA pathways, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), Peroxisome proliferatoractivated
receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1-α), and protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A)/high
mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) regulators. These mechanisms are believed to modulate the
function of receptors, cytokines, and growth factors associated with RA. The review article
includes data from preclinical and clinical trials that provide insights into potential treatment
options for RA.
