Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

The Natural Products Journal

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-3155
ISSN (Online): 2210-3163

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

A Comprehensive Review on Sophora japonica: Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry & Pharmacological Aspects

Author(s): Srivalli Susmitha Ghatti*, Machiraju Garaga, Arnab Chatterjee, Sravani Thimmannagari, Sree Ramya Cherupalli, Nagarajappa Shivaprasad Hebbani, Madhu Krishnamani and Gaurav Soni

Volume 14, Issue 4, 2024

Published on: 10 October, 2023

Article ID: e101023222032 Pages: 18

DOI: 10.2174/0122103155271056230927105208

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Sophora japonica, a species of Sophora, one of the prominent genera, belongs to the family Fabaceae, native to China, which is commonly known as a pagoda tree. Sophora, includes nearly 52 species, nineteen varieties and many of these species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to cure various ailments. This review compiles its ethnomedical uses, diverse phytochemicals reported from the various parts of S. japonica, and their pharmacological effects to elucidate its therapeutic potential against a wide range of diseases. Traditionally it is used to treat various hematic disorders such as hypertension, hemorrhoids, hemorrhage, hematuria, hematochezia, dysentery, arteriosclerosis, etc. Moreover, each and every part of this plant, including the flowers, buds, leaves, bark, fruits, seeds, pericarp, stems, and roots are used as medicine, particularly in China, Japan, Korea, and Asia. Chinese Pharmacopoeia and European Pharmacopoeia describe the utility of this plant since ancient times. The enhanced use of S. japonica in Chinese medicine resulted in the exploration of various phytochemicals and their pharmacological properties includes in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. It is enchanted with steroids, phospholipids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenes, and other phenolic compounds that are characterized by therapeutic activities such as anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-asthmatic, anti-neoplastic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidote, anti-pyretic, cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anti-platelet, anti-hyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, estrogenic, and anti-osteoporotic activity in post-menopausal women etc. and this is also used as a remedy for skin diseases like eczema, colpitis, and psoriasis. Despite its health benefits, supplementary data is still required in order to bridge the gaps and ensure the possible safety profile by conducting clinical studies for its therapeutic applications as a natural and eminent safe drug.

Keywords: Sophora japonica, isoflavonoids, alkaloids, anti-diabetic, post-menopausal anti-osteoporotic effect, antiinflammatory.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Orwa, C.; Mutua, A.; Kindt, R.; Jamnadass, R.; Anthony, S. Agroforestree Database: A tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. 2009. Available from: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp
[2]
Tsoong, P.C.; Ma, C.Y. A study on the genus Sophora Linn. Acta Phytotax. Sin., 1981, 19(1), 1-22.
[3]
Tsoong, P.C.; Ma, C.Y. A study on the genus Sophora Linn. (Cont.). Acta Phytotax. Sin., 1981, 19(2), 143-167.
[4]
He, X.; Bai, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, X.; Fang, J.; Huang, L.; Zeng, M.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Zheng, X. Local and traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Sophora japonica L.: A review. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 187, 160-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.014] [PMID: 27085938]
[5]
Zheng, H.Z.; Dong, Z.H.; She, J. Modern Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Xue Yuan Press: Beijing, 1998, pp. 4464-4474.
[6]
Abdallah, H.M.; Al-Abd, A.M.; Asaad, G.F.; Abdel-Naim, A.B.; El-halawany, A.M. Isolation of antiosteoporotic compounds from seeds of Sophora japonica. PLoS One, 2014, 9(6), e98559.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098559] [PMID: 24892557]
[7]
Abudayeh, Z.H.M.; Al-Azzam, K.M.; Cholak, I.S.; Karpiuk, U.V.; Naddaf, A.; Aboul-Enein, H.Y. Analysis of essential oil in Sophora japonica L. flower buds on different stages of development by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. World J. Analy. Chem., 2015, 3(1A), 15-20.
[8]
Si, C.L.; Du, Z.G.; Fan, S.; An, L.L. Isolation and structure elucidation of a new flavonol glycoside from Sophora japonica. Chem. Nat. Compd., 2016, 52(5), 794-797.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-016-1780-7]
[9]
Wang, J.H.; Lou, F.C.; Wang, Y.L.; Tang, Y.P. A flavonol tetraglycoside from Sophora japonica seeds. Phytochemistry, 2003, 63(4), 463-465.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00757-4] [PMID: 12770599]
[10]
Zhang, L.B.; Lv, J.L.; Chen, H.L. Japonicasins A and B, two new isoprenylated flavanones from Sophora japonica. Fitoterapia, 2013, 87, 89-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.03.019] [PMID: 23562628]
[11]
Zhang, B.; Zhang, R.; Xie, T.; Li, G. Antinociceptive activity of flower buds extract of Sophora japonica and its main active ingredient quercetin in bee venom-induced rat model. J. Intercult. Ethnopharmacol., 2014, 3(1), 9-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jice.20131031042628]
[12]
Mihaylova, D.; Schalow, S. Antioxidant and stabilization activity of a quercetin-containing flavonoid extract obtained from Bulgarian Sophora japonica L. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 2013, 56(3), 431-438.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132013000300011]
[13]
Lee, J.W.; Park, G.H.; Eo, H.J.; Song, H.M.; Kim, M.K.; Kwon, M.J.; Koo, J.S.; Lee, J.R.; Lee, M.H.; Jeong, J.B. Anti-Cancer activity of the flower bud of Sophora japonica L. through upregulating activating transcription factor 3 in human colorectal cancer cells. Hangug. Jaweon Sigmul Haghoeji, 2015, 28(3), 297-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2015.28.3.297]
[14]
Yoon, H.J.; Seo, C.R.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.J.; Song, N.J.; Jang, W.S.; Kim, B.J.; Lee, J.; Hong, J.W.; Nho, C.W.; Park, K.W. Dichloromethane extracts of Sophora japonica L. stimulate osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Nutr. Res., 2013, 33(12), 1053-1062.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.08.004] [PMID: 24267045]
[15]
Lee, H.K.; Kim, H.S.; Kim, Y.J.; Kim, J.S.; Park, Y.S.; Kang, J.S.; Yuk, D.Y.; Hong, J.T.; Kim, Y.; Han, S.B. Sophoricoside isolated from Sophora japonica ameliorates contact dermatitis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in B cells. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2013, 15(3), 467-473.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2013.01.025] [PMID: 23415872]
[16]
Guo, Z.; Wu, X.; Zhao, X.; Fan, J.; Lu, X.; Wang, L. An edible antioxidant film of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. gum with Sophora japonica extract for oil packaging. Food Packag. Shelf Life, 2020, 24, 100460.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100460]
[17]
Bergamini, C.; Gambetti, S.; Dondi, A.; Cervellati, C. Oxygen, reactive oxygen species and tissue damage. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2004, 10(14), 1611-1626.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043384664] [PMID: 15134560]
[18]
Wang, K.H.; Lin, R.D.; Hsu, F.L.; Huang, Y.H.; Chang, H.C.; Huang, C.Y.; Lee, M.H. Cosmetic applications of selected traditional Chinese herbal medicines. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 106(3), 353-359.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.010] [PMID: 16497459]
[19]
Zhang, L.; Ravipati, A.S.; Koyyalamudi, S.R.; Jeong, S.C.; Reddy, N.; Smith, P.T.; Bartlett, J.; Shanmugam, K.; Münch, G.; Wu, M.J. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59(23), 12361-12367.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf203146e] [PMID: 22023309]
[20]
Tang, Y.P.; Li, Y.F.; Hu, J.; Lou, F.C. Isolation and identification of antioxidants from Sophora japonica. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2002, 4(2), 123-128.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020290027407] [PMID: 12067157]
[21]
Chua, L.S. A review on plant-based rutin extraction methods and its pharmacological activities. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2013, 150(3), 805-817.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.036] [PMID: 24184193]
[22]
Kamal, K. Rutin (natural bioflavonoid): Traditional and medicinal uses. Pharmacologyonline, 2010, 1, 931-937.
[23]
Ahn, D.K. Illustrated Book of Korean Medicinal Herbs; Kyo-Hak Publisher: Seoul, 1998, p. 199.
[24]
Aly, S.H.; Elissawy, A.M.; Eldahshan, O.A.; Elshanawany, M.A.; Efferth, T.; Singab, A.N.B. The pharmacol-ogy of the genus Sophora (Fabaceae): An updated review. Phytomedicine, 2019, 64, 153070.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153070] [PMID: 31514082]
[25]
Elberry, A.; Mufti, S.; Al-Maghrabi, J.; Ghareib, S.; Mosli, H.; El-Halawany, A.; Abdel-Sattar, E. The protective effect of Sophora japonica on prostatic hypertrophy and inflammation in rat. Inflammopharmacology, 2020, 28(6), 1525-1536.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-020-00723-5] [PMID: 32504221]
[26]
Ishida, H.; Umino, T.; Tsuji, K.; Kosuge, T. Studies on the anti-hemorrhagic substances in herbs classified as hemostatics in Chinese medicine. X. On hemostatic activities of the parched herbs for hemostatics. J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn., 1989, 109(3), 179-183.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.109.3_179] [PMID: 2754619]
[27]
Lo, Y.H.; Lin, R.D.; Lin, Y.P.; Liu, Y.L.; Lee, M.H. Active constituents from Sophora japonica exhibiting cellular tyrosinase inhibition in human epidermal melanocytes. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2009, 124(3), 625-629.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.053] [PMID: 19422905]
[28]
Wang, Z.L.; Sun, J.Y.; Wang, D.N.; Xie, Y.H.; Wang, S.W.; Zhao, W.M. Pharmacological studies of the large-scaled purified genistein from Huaijiao (Sophora japonica – Leguminosae) on anti-osteoporosis. Phytomedicine, 2006, 13(9-10), 718-723.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2005.09.005] [PMID: 17085294]
[29]
Kim, J.M.; Yun-Choi, H.S. Anti-platelet effects of flavonoids and flavonoid-glycosides from Sophora japonica. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2008, 31(7), 886-890.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-001-1242-1] [PMID: 18704331]
[30]
Ha, D.T.; Trung, T.N.; Phuong, T.T.; Yim, N.; Chen, Q.C.; Bae, K. The selected flavonol glycoside derived from Sophorae Flos improves glucose uptake and inhibits adipocyte differentiation via activation AMPK in 3T3-L1 cells. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2010, 20(20), 6076-6081.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.054] [PMID: 20822902]
[31]
Kim, Y.; Oh, Y.; Lee, H.; Yang, B.; Choi, C.H.; Jeong, H.; Kim, H.; An, W. Prediction of the therapeutic mechanism responsible for the effects of Sophora japonica flower buds on contact dermatitis by network-based pharmacological analysis. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2021, 271, 113843.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113843] [PMID: 33493588]
[32]
Lee, J.; Kim, K.W.; Kim, H.K.; Chae, S.W.; Jung, J.C.; Kwon, S.H.; Rheu, C.H. The effect of rexflavone (Sophorae Fructus Extract) on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2010, 33(4), 523-530.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0405-0] [PMID: 20422360]
[33]
Ran, X.D. Zhonghu Yaohai; Harbin Publishing Press: Harbin, 1998, pp. 1982-1984.
[34]
Hu, Z.L.; Zhang, J.P.; Qian, D.H.; Lin, W.; Xie, W.F.; Zhang, X.R.; Chen, W.Z. Effects of matrine on mouse splenocyte proliferation and release of interleukin-1 and -6 from peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 1996, 17(3), 259-261.
[PMID: 9812752]
[35]
Hu, Z.L.; Zhang, J.P.; Wan, M.B.; Yu, X.B.; Lin, W.; Qian, D.H. Effect of matrine on mouse hepatitis and tumor necrosis factor production induced by Propionibacterium acnes/lipopolysaccharides. Acta Pharm. Sin., 1996, 31(9), 662-665.
[PMID: 9863231]
[36]
Hu, Z.L.; Zhang, J.P.; Yu, X.B.; Lin, W.; Qian, D.H.; Wan, M.B. Effect of matrine on lipopolysaccharides/D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis and tumor necrosis factor release from macrophages in vitro. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 1996, 17(4), 351-353.
[PMID: 9812722]
[37]
Lin, W.; Zhang, J.P.; Hu, Z.L.; Qian, D.H. Inhibitory effect of matrine on lipopolysacchride-induced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 production from rat Kupffer cells. Acta Pharm. Sin., 1997, 32(2), 93-96.
[PMID: 11243207]
[38]
Liu, M.; Liu, X.Y.; Cheng, J.F. Advance in the pharmacological research on matrine. China J. Chin. Mat. Med., 2003, 28(9), 801-804.
[PMID: 15015368]
[39]
Zhang, Y.; Wang, S.; Li, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Hu, Z.; Zhang, J. Sophocarpine and matrine inhibit the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages and prevent cachexia-related symptoms induced by colon 26 adenocarcinoma in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2008, 8(13-14), 1767-1772.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2008.08.008] [PMID: 18775799]
[40]
Tang, Y.P.; Hu, J.; Wang, J.H.; Lou, F.C. A new coumaronochromone from Sophora japonica. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2002, 4(1), 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020290019622] [PMID: 11991186]
[41]
Bach, M.K.; Brashler, J.R. Inhibition of IgE and compound 48/80-induced histamine release by lectins. Immunology, 1975, 29(2), 371-386.
[PMID: 51003]
[42]
Izaddoost, M. Alkaloid chemotaxonomy of the genus Sophora. Phytochemistry, 1975, 14(1), 203-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85038-2]
[43]
Gevrenova, R.; Kitanov, G.; Ilieva, D. Ontogenetic and seasonal variation in the flavonoid composition of Sophora japonica cultivated in Bulgaria. Pharm. Biol., 2007, 45(2), 149-155.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200601113123]
[44]
Kite, G.C.; Veitch, N.C.; Boalch, M.E.; Lewis, G.P.; Leon, C.J.; Simmonds, M.S.J. Flavonol tetraglycosides from fruits of Styphnolobium japonicum (Leguminosae) and the authentication of Fructus Sophorae and Flos Sophorae. Phytochemistry, 2009, 70(6), 785-794.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.04.003] [PMID: 19447452]
[45]
Paniwnyk, L.; Beaufoy, E.; Lorimer, J.P.; Mason, T.J. The extraction of rutin from flower buds of Sophora japonica. Ultrason. Sonochem., 2001, 8(3), 299-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(00)00075-4] [PMID: 11441614]
[46]
Abd-Alla, H.I.; Souguir, D.; Radwan, M.O. Genus Sophora: A comprehensive review on secondary chemical metabolites and their biological aspects from past achievements to future perspectives. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2021, 44(11), 903-986.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-021-01354-2] [PMID: 34907492]
[47]
Chen, Q.; Zhang, W.; Jin, W.; Lee, I.; Min, B.S.; Jung, H.J.; Na, M.; Lee, S.; Bae, K. Flavonoids and isoflavo-noids from Sophorae Flos improve glucose uptake in vitro. Planta Med., 2010, 76(1), 79-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1185944] [PMID: 19637114]
[48]
Ishida, H.; Umino, T.; Tsuji, K.; Kosuge, T. Studies on antihemorrhagic substances in herbs classified as hemostatics in Chinese medicine. VI. On the antihemorrhagic principle in Sophora japonica L. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1987, 35(2), 857-860.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.857] [PMID: 3594696]
[49]
Kimura, M.; Yamada, H. Interaction in the antibacterial activity of flavonoids from Sophora japonica L. to Propionibacterium. J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn., 1984, 104(4), 340-346.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.104.4_340] [PMID: 6491872]
[50]
Yang, W.Y.; Won, T.H.; Ahn, C.H.; Lee, S.H.; Yang, H.C.; Shin, J.; Oh, K.B. Streptococcus mutans sortase A inhibitory metabolites from the flowers of Sophora japonica. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2015, 25(7), 1394-1397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.051] [PMID: 25746812]
[51]
Kitagawa, I.; Taniyama, T.; Hong, W.W.; Hori, K.; Yoshikawa, M. Saponin and Sapogenol. XLV.: Structures of Kaikasaponins I, II, and III from Sophorae Flos, the buds of Sophora japonica L. J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn., 1988, 108(6), 538-546.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.108.6_538]
[52]
Xu, Z.F. The chemical constitution of a Chinese drug “Huai hua me”, Part III. Huai-hua-mimine-C. Acta Pharm. Sin., 1957, 5, 289-292.
[53]
Zhang, Y.; Qu, L.; Liu, L.; Li, X.; Liu, E.; Han, L.; Fang, S.; Gao, X.; Wang, T. New maltol glycosides from Flos Sophorae. J. Nat. Med., 2015, 69(2), 249-254.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-014-0877-1] [PMID: 25398298]
[54]
Li, C.Q.; Zhu, Y.T.; Zhang, F.X.; Fu, L.C.; Li, X.H.; Cheng, Y.; Li, X.Y. Anti-HBV effect of liposome-encapsulated matrine in vitro and in vivo. World J. Gastroenterol., 2005, 11(3), 426-428.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i3.426] [PMID: 15637760]
[55]
Akhmedkhodzhaeva, N.M.; Svechnikova, A.N. Kaempferol derivatives from the fruit of the Japanese pagoda tree. Chem. Nat. Compd., 1983, 19(1), 116-117.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579994]
[56]
Ho, L.X.; Xu, Y.X.; Xue, H.Z.; Wang, W.H.; Zhou, Z.R.; Chen, P.Y.; Fan, M.F. Studies on the antifertility constituents of Huai Jiao. I. Isolation of constituents I-XI and identification of I-IV and IX. Reprod. Contracept., 1982, 2(2), 23-27.
[57]
Kim, H.J.; Kim, M.K.; Shim, J.G.; Yeom, S.H.; Kwon, S.H.; Lee, M.W. Anti-oxidative phenolic compounds from Sophorae Fructus. Nat. Prod. Sci., 2004, 10(6), 330-334.
[58]
Tulaganov, A.A.; Gaibnazarava, D.T. Isolation and identification of flavonoids from Sophora japonica oc-curring in Uzbekistan. Pharm. Chem. J., 2001, 35(8), 433-434.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013784222933]
[59]
Wang, J.H.; Wang, Y.L.; Lou, F.C. Study on chemical constituents of Sophora japonica seeds. J. Chin. Med. Univ., 2001, 32, 471-473.
[60]
Ma, L.; Lou, F.C. The anticancer activity in vitro of constituents from fruits of Sophora japonica. Chin. J. Nat. Med., 2006, 4, 151-153.
[61]
Zhou, J.; Chen, C.Y.; Xie, Y.F.; Liu, H.Z.; Chen, Z.N.; Lu, Y. Studies on liposoluble constituents from fruit of Sophora japonica L. J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., 2006, 26(11), 1245-1248.
[62]
Higashiyama, K.; Takeuchi, Y.; Yamauchi, T.; Imai, S.; Kamei, J.; Yajima, Y.; Narita, M.; Suzuki, T. Implication of the descending dynorphinergic neuron projecting to the spinal cord in the (+)-matrine- and (+)-allomatrine-induced antinociceptive effects. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2005, 28(5), 845-848.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.845] [PMID: 15863891]
[63]
Abdusalamov, B.A.; Aslanov, K.A.; Sadykov, A.S.; Khoroshkova, O.A. A study of Sophora japonica for its alkaloid content. Chem. Nat. Compd., 1972, 8(5), 634.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564330]
[64]
Grishkovets, V.I.; Gorbacheva, L.A. Triterpene glycosides of Sophora japonica seeds. Chem. Nat. Compd., 1995, 31(5), 596-599.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01164887]
[65]
Ho, L.X.; Xu, Y.X.; Xue, H.Z. Studies on antifertility constituents of Huai Jiao. II. Separation and identification of four compounds V-VIII. Reprod. Contracept., 1984, 4(3), 51-53.
[66]
Terashima, S.; Shimizu, M.; Horie, S.; Morita, N. Studies on aldose reductase inhibitors from natural products. IV. Constituents and al-dose reductase inhibitory effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium, Bixa orellana and Ipomoea batatas. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1991, 39(12), 3346-3347.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.39.3346] [PMID: 1814628]
[67]
Diao, Y.P.; Shu, X.Y.; Tang, Y.P. Chemical constituents of Sophora japonica leaves. Chin. J. Exp. Trad. Med. Formula, 2011, 17, 89-92.
[68]
Kite, G.C.; Stoneham, C.A.; Veitch, N.C. Flavonol tetraglycosides and other constituents from leaves of Styphnolobium japonicum (Leguminosae) and related taxa. Phytochemistry, 2007, 68(10), 1407-1416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.004] [PMID: 17462679]
[69]
Abdelhady, M.I.S.; Kamal, A.M.; Othman, S.M.; Mubarak, M.S.; Hadda, T.B. Total polyphenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidia-betic activities, and polyphenolic compounds of Sophora japonica grown in Egypt. Med. Chem. Res., 2015, 24(2), 482-495.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-014-1101-2]
[70]
Tang, Y.; Yang, R.; Duan, J.; Shang, E.; Su, S.; Zhu, M.; Qian, D. Isoflavone tetraglycosides from Sophora japonica leaves. J. Nat. Prod., 2008, 71(3), 448-450.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np070396t] [PMID: 18047294]
[71]
VanEtten, H.D.; Matthews, P.S.; Mercer, E.H. (+)-Maackiain and (+)-medicarpin as phytoalexins in Sophora japonica and identification of the (−) isomers by biotransformation. Phytochemistry, 1983, 22(10), 2291-2295.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80164-8]
[72]
Park, Y.K.; Lee, H.J.; Lee, S.S.; Choi, D.H.; Oh, J.S. New isoflavone glycoside from the woods of Sophora japonica. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 2004, 25(1), 147-148.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2004.25.1.147]
[73]
Park, H.Y.; Kim, S.H.; Kim, G.B.; Sim, J.Y.; Lim, S.S.; Kim, M.J.; Chun, W.; Kwon, Y.S. A new isoflavone glycoside from the stem bark of Sophora japonica. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2010, 33(8), 1165-1168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0805-1] [PMID: 20803118]
[74]
Tang, Y.P.; Zhu, H.X.; Duan, J.A. Two new isoflavone triglycosides from the small branches of Sophora japonica. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2008, 10(1), 65-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020701273858] [PMID: 18058382]
[75]
Zhang, Y.; Zhu, H.; Ye, G.; Huang, C.; Yang, Y.; Chen, R.; Yu, Y.; Cui, X. Antiviral effects of sophoridine against coxsackievirus B3 and its pharmacokinetics in rats. Life Sci., 2006, 78(17), 1998-2005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.034] [PMID: 16309710]
[76]
Wang, C.T.; Tang, Y.P.; Zhou, L.; Gao, H.X. Study on the flavonoids in branches of Sophora japonica. J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 2008, 40, 65-67.
[77]
Park, Y.K.; Lee, H.J.; Choi, D.H.; Kwon, Y.H.; Oh, J.S. Extractives from the bark of Sophora japonica L. J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol., 2002, 30(3), 42-47.
[78]
Komatsu, M.; Yokoe, I.; Shirataki, Y. Studies on the constituents of Sophora species. X. Constituents of the root of Sophora japonica L. (author’s transl). J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn., 1976, 96(2), 254-257.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.96.2_254] [PMID: 985878]
[79]
Shirataki, Y.; Tagaya, Y.; Yokoe, I.; Komatsu, M. Sophoraside A, a new aromatic glycoside from the roots of Sophora japonica. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1987, 35(4), 1637-1640.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.1637]
[80]
Wu, L.; Xiong, W.; Hu, J.W.; Li, X.H.; Fu, J.P.; Si, C.L.; Wang, J. Chemical constituents of xylem of Sophora japonica roots. Chem. Nat. Compd., 2018, 54(3), 610-612.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-018-2425-9]
[81]
Shibata, S.; Nishikawa, Y. Studies on the constituents of Japanese and Chinese crude drugs. VII. on the constituents of the roots of Sophora subprostrata Chun et T. Chen and Sophora japonica L. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1963, 11(2), 167-177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.11.167]
[82]
Shirataki, Y.; Tagaya, Y.; Yokoe, I.; Komatsu, M. Studies on the constituents of Sophora species-constituents of the roots of Sophora japonica. J. Pharm. Sci., 1987, 76.
[83]
Liu, R.; Qi, Y.; Sun, A.; Xie, H. Isolation and purification of chemical constituents from the pericarp of Sophora japonica L. by chromatography on a 12% cross-linked agarose gel. J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30(12), 1870-1874.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600528] [PMID: 17638350]
[84]
Qi, Y.; Sun, A.; Liu, R.; Meng, Z.; Xie, H. Isolation and purification of flavonoid and isoflavonoid compounds from the pericarp of Sophora japonica L. by adsorption chromatography on 12% cross-linked agarose gel media. J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1140(1-2), 219-224.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.002] [PMID: 17174318]
[85]
Tang, Y.P.; Lou, F.C.; Wang, J.H. Two kaempferol triglycosides from pericarps of Sophora japonica L. China J. Chin. Mat. Med., 2001, 26(12), 839-841.
[PMID: 12776332]
[86]
Tang, Y.; Lou, F.; Wang, J.; Zhuang, S. Four new isoflavone triglycosides from Sophora japonica. J. Nat. Prod., 2001, 64(8), 1107-1110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np010081s] [PMID: 11520241]
[87]
Sun, A.; Sun, Q.; Liu, R. Preparative isolation and purification of flavone compounds from Sophora japonica L. by high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with macroporous resin column separation. J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30(7), 1013-1018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600334] [PMID: 17566335]
[88]
Tang, Y.P.; Lou, F.C.; Ma, W.; Wang, J.H. Isoflavonoid glycosides from the pericarps of Sophora japonica. J. Chin. Pharm. Univ., 2001, 32, 187-189.
[89]
Cai, Y.; Luo, Q.; Sun, M.; Corke, H. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sci., 2004, 74(17), 2157-2184.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.047] [PMID: 14969719]
[90]
Cai, Y.; Sun, M.; Xing, J.; Luo, Q.; Corke, H. Structure–radical scavenging activity relationships of phenolic compounds from traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Life Sci., 2006, 78(25), 2872-2888.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.11.004] [PMID: 16325868]
[91]
Xu, J.; Zhang, H.; Chen, G. Carbon nanotube/polystyrene composite electrode for microchip electrophoretic determination of rutin and quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus. Talanta, 2007, 73(5), 932-937.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.05.019] [PMID: 19073123]
[92]
Chinese medicine company. Compendium of Chinese Medicinal Material Resources; Science Press: Beijing, 1994, p. 600.
[93]
Han, B.H.; Takeatsu, K.; Paul, P.H.; Guo, J.X.; Sung, C.K. International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine: Northeast Asia-Part I; World Scientific Publishing Co: Singapore, 1996, pp. 68-69.
[94]
Ishida, H.; Umino, T.; Tsuji, K.; Kosuge, T. Studies on the antihemostatic substances in herbs classified as hemostatics in traditional Chinese medicine. I. On the antihemostatic principles in Sophora japonica L. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1989, 37(6), 1616-1618.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.1616] [PMID: 2776244]
[95]
Tang, W.; Eisenbrand, G. Sophora japonica L.Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 1992, pp. 945-955.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73739-8_114]
[96]
Park, S.J.; Shin, E.H.; Hahm, T.S. Biological activities in the extract of flos Sophora japonica L. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 2009, 38(1), 9-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.1.009]
[97]
Izumi, T.; Osawa, S.; Obata, A.; Tobe, K.; Saito, M.; Kataoka, S.; Kikuchi, M.; Piskula, M.K.; Kubota, Y. Soy isoflavone aglycones are absorbed faster and in higher amounts than their glucosides in humans. J. Nutr., 2000, 130(7), 1695-1699.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.7.1695] [PMID: 10867038]
[98]
Kim, B.H.; Chung, E.Y.; Ryu, J.C.; Jung, S.H.; Min, K.R.; Kim, Y. Anti-inflammatory mode of isoflavone glycoside sophoricoside by inhibition of interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 in inflammatory response. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2003, 26(4), 306-311.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02976960] [PMID: 12735689]
[99]
Min, B.; Oh, S.R.; Lee, H.K.; Takatsu, K.; Chang, I.M.; Min, K.R.; Kim, Y. Sophoricoside analogs as the IL-5 inhibitors from Sophora japonica. Planta Med., 1999, 65(5), 408-412.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-14016] [PMID: 10418325]
[100]
Xu, Y.; Chen, W.Z.; Du, N. Effects of sophoricoside and genistein on biological characteristics of osteo-blasts. J. Chin. Integr. Med., 2009, 7(3), 223-227.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3736/jcim20090305] [PMID: 19284950]
[101]
Abdullabekova, V.N.; Abdullabekova, N.A. Volatile substances and elemental composition of fruits of Sophora japonica L. flora of Uzbekistan. J. Contemp. Issues Bus. Gov., 2021, 27(5), 517-525.
[102]
Kim, B.H.; Chung, E.Y.; Min, B.K.; Lee, S.H.; Kim, M.K.; Min, K.R.; Kim, Y. Anti-inflammatory action of legume isoflavonoid sophoricoside through inhibition on cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Planta Med., 2003, 69(5), 474-476.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39712] [PMID: 12802736]
[103]
Mukhamedova, K.S.; Glushenkova, A.I. Phospholipids of ripe Sophora japonica seeds. Chem. Nat. Compd., 1997, 33(4), 445-448.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282362]
[104]
Saffidine, K.; Zerargui, F.; Guemaz, T.; Lameche, C.; Sahli, F.; Baghiani, A. Antioxidant, antibacterial activities and synergistic effect with antibiotics of fruits and stems extracts from Styphnolobium japonicum (L.). Schott. Turk. J. Agricul. Food Sci. Technol., 2023, 11(2), 383-389.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i2.383-389.5362]
[105]
Bourbon, A.I.; Pinheiro, A.C.; Ribeiro, C.; Miranda, C.; Maia, J.M.; Teixeira, J.A.; Vicente, A.A. Characterization of galactomannans extracted from seeds of Gleditsia triacanthos and Sophora japonica through shear and extensional rheology: Comparison with guar gum and locust bean gum. Food Hydrocoll., 2010, 24(2-3), 184-192.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.09.004]
[106]
Li, C.X.; Li, F.X.; Li, P.; Jiao, Y.; Yang, S.Z. Study on antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Sophora japonica Linn leaves. Nat. Prod. Res., 2013, 25(676–680), 683.
[PMID: 24359131]
[107]
Ma, L.; Wen, S.; Zhan, Y.; He, Y.; Liu, X.; Jiang, J. Anticancer effects of the Chinese medicine matrine on murine hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Planta Med., 2008, 74(3), 245-251.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1034304] [PMID: 18283616]
[108]
Zhong, H.B.C. Editorial Committee of Zhong Hua Ben Cao of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of People’s Republic of China; Shanghai Science Technology Publishing Company: Shanghai, 1999, 4, p. 3389.
[109]
Lee, W.H.; Yang, E.J.; Ku, S.K.; Song, K.S.; Bae, J.S. Anticoagulant activities of oleanolic acid via inhibition of tissue factor expressions. BMB Rep., 2012, 45(7), 390-395.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2012.45.7.065] [PMID: 22831973]
[110]
Shi, W.; Liu, L.; Li, J.; Qu, L.; Pang, X.; Yu, H.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, T. Bioactive flavonoids from Flos Sophorae. J. Nat. Med., 2017, 71(3), 513-522.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-017-1084-7] [PMID: 28357634]
[111]
Miao, M.S.; Li, C.R.; Chen, Y.P. Effects of total flavonoids of Sophorae Flos on the levels of insulin, leptin and C-Peptide in serum in diabete rat model. Chin. J. Mod. Appl. Pharm., 2011, 28, 896-898.
[112]
Miao, M.S.; Cheng, B.L.; Jiang, N. Effect of Sophora japonica total flavonoids on mouse models of hyper-glycemia and diabetes model. Appl. Mech. Mater., 2014, 664, 397-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.664.397]
[113]
Jung, C.H.; Zhou, S.; Ding, G.X.; Kim, J.H.; Hong, M.H.; Shin, Y.C.; Kim, G.J.; Ko, S.G. Antihyperglycemic activity of herb extracts on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2006, 70(10), 2556-2559.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.60238] [PMID: 17031059]
[114]
Wang, T.; Miao, M.; Bai, M.; Li, Y.; Li, M.; Li, C.; Xu, Y. Effect of Sophora japonica total flavonoids on pancreas, kidney tissue morphology of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 2017, 24(3), 741-747.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.051] [PMID: 28386205]
[115]
Patisaul, H.B.; Dindo, M.; Whitten, P.L.; Young, L.J. Soy isoflavone supplements antagonize reproductive behavior and estrogen receptor alpha- and beta-dependent gene expression in the brain. Endocrinology, 2001, 142(7), 2946-2952.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.7.8241] [PMID: 11416015]
[116]
Joo, S.S.; Kang, H.C.; Lee, M.W.; Choi, Y.W.; Lee, D.I. Inhibition of IL-1β and IL-6 in osteoblast-like cell by isoflavones extracted from Sophorae fructus. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2003, 26(12), 1029-1035.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02994754] [PMID: 14723336]
[117]
Joo, S.S.; Kwon, S.H.; Hwang, K.W.; Lee, D.I. Improvement of menopausal signs by isoflavones derived from Sophorae fructus in ovariectomized female rats and the antioxidant potentials in BV2 cells. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2005, 28(5), 566-572.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02977760] [PMID: 15974444]
[118]
Liu, J.; Sun, Y.; Yue, H. A Chinese medicinal lotion for external use for treating reproductive system diseases of women containing light yellow Sophora root. CN patent application 1403117A, 2003.
[119]
Tice, J.A.; Ettinger, B.; Ensrud, K.; Wallace, R.; Blackwell, T.; Cummings, S.R. Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes: The Isoflavone Clover Extract (ICE) Study: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2003, 290(2), 207-214.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.2.207] [PMID: 12851275]
[120]
Booth, N.L.; Overk, C.R.; Yao, P.; Totura, S.; Deng, Y.; Hedayat, A.S.; Bolton, J.L.; Pauli, G.F.; Farnsworth, N.R. Seasonal variation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L., Fabaceae) isoflavones and estrogenic activity. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54(4), 1277-1282.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf052927u] [PMID: 16478248]
[121]
Shim, J.G.; Yeom, S.H.; Kim, H.J.; Choi, Y.W.; Lee, D.I.; Song, K.Y.; Kwon, S.H.; Lee, M.W. Bone loss preventing effect of Sophorae fructus on ovariectomized rats. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2005, 28(1), 106-110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02975144] [PMID: 15742817]
[122]
Dong, X.Q.; Du, Q.; Yu, W.H.; Zhang, Z.Y.; Zhu, Q.; Che, Z.H.; Chen, F.; Wang, H.; Chen, J. Anti-inflammatory effects of oxymatrine through inhibition of nuclear factor–kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia cells. Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 2013, 12(1), 165-174.
[PMID: 24250585]
[123]
Yun, J.; Lee, C.K.; Chang, I.M.; Takatsu, K.; Hirano, T.; Min, K.R.; Lee, M.K.; Kim, Y. Differential inhibitory effects of sophoricoside analogs on bioactivity of several cytokines. Life Sci., 2000, 67(23), 2855-2863.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00873-0] [PMID: 11106000]
[124]
Kang, K.A.; Zhang, R.; Piao, M.J.; Ko, D.O.; Wang, Z.H.; Kim, B.J.; Park, J.W.; Kim, H.S.; Kim, D.H.; Hyun, J.W. Protective effect of irisolidone, a metabolite of kakkalide, against hydrogen peroxide induced cell damage via antioxidant effect. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2008, 16(3), 1133-1141.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.085] [PMID: 17996449]
[125]
Haddad, P.S.; Eid, H.M.; Nachar, A.; Thong, F.; Sweeney, G. The molecular basis of the antidiabetic action of quercetin in cultured skeletal muscle cells and hepatocytes. Pharmacogn. Mag., 2015, 11(41), 74-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.149708] [PMID: 25709214]
[126]
Park, M.H.; Ju, J.W.; Park, M.J.; Han, J.S. Daidzein inhibits carbohydrate digestive enzymes in vitro and alleviates postprandial hypergly-cemia in diabetic mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2013, 712(1-3), 48-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.047] [PMID: 23669248]
[127]
Clifton-Bligh, P.B.; Baber, R.J.; Fulcher, G.R.; Nery, M.L.; Moreton, T. The effect of isoflavones extracted from red clover (Rimostil) on lipid and bone metabolism. Menopause, 2001, 8(4), 259-265.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042192-200107000-00007] [PMID: 11449083]
[128]
ur Rashid, H.; Rasool, S.; Ali, Y.; Khan, K.; Martines, M.A.U. Anti-cancer potential of sophoridine and its derivatives: Recent progress and future perspectives. Bioorg. Chem., 2020, 99, 103863.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103863] [PMID: 32334197]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
23
2
Wayfinder Image
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy