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ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

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Research Article

Development of a Functional Nanobody Targeting Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 as Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

Author(s): Mohammad Hosseininejad-Chafi, Zahra Kianmehr, Kamran Pooshang-Bagheri, Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht and Mahdi Behdani*

Volume 29, Issue 29, 2023

Published on: 04 October, 2023

Page: [2336 - 2344] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/0113816128258475230920054122

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a membrane receptor that is expressed on the surface of various immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, monocytes, natural killer T cells, and dendritic cells. In cancer, the interaction between PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 suppresses the activation and function of T lymphocytes, leading to the impairment and apoptosis of tumor-specific T cells. This mechanism allows cancer cells to evade the immune response and promotes tumor progression.

Methods: Recombinant PD-1 protein was produced and used to immunize a camel. A nanobody library was generated from the camel’s peripheral blood lymphocytes and screened for PD-1 binding. A specific nanobody (3PD9) was selected and characterized by affinity measurement, western blotting, and flow cytometry analysis. The ability of the selected nanobody to block the inhibitory signal of PD-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by measuring the level of interleukin-2 (IL-2).

Results: The selected nanobody showed high specificity and affinity for human PD-1. Western blot and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that 3PD9 could recognize and bind to human PD-1 on the cell surface. It was demonstrated that the level of IL-2 was significantly increased in PBMCs treated with 3PD9 compared to the control group, indicating that the nanobody could enhance the T cell response by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.

Conclusion: The results suggested that the anti-PD-1 nanobody could be a promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords: Single chain antibody, PD-1, interleukin-2, nanobody, immune checkpoint inhibitor, immune cells.

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