Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5265
ISSN (Online): 2212-3989

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Case Report

Leptotrichia trevisanii: Case Report and Review of the Literature on Patients with Leptotrichia trevisanii Bacteremia in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author(s): Awad Chady*, Garrastegui-Mercado Emmanuel and Suresh Antony*

Volume 23, Issue 7, 2023

Published on: 01 August, 2023

Article ID: e060623217719 Pages: 4

DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230606153916

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Leptotrichia spp. are fastidious facultative anaerobic, pencil-shaped, gramnegative rods that reside in the mouths, intestines, and female genital tracts of humans. Bacteremia and septic shock have been rarely reported in the immunocompromised host. We report a case of L. trevisanii bacteremia in a patient recently diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on chemotherapy.

Case Presentation: A 75-year-old male with a history of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease status post-CABG presented with neutropenic fevers and signs of sepsis after the initiation of chemotherapy. Blood cultures were ordered and extensive gene sequencing helped identify Leptotrichia trevisanii as the causative pathogen. Subsequently, the patient was successfully treated with empiric cefepime.

Discussion: Opportunistic pathogens are involved in a variety of diseases and have been isolated from immunocompromised patients undergoing transplantation or in patients with comorbidities, like leukemia, lymphoma, or neutropenia. L. trevisanii has been reported as a cause of bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy.

Conclusion: This case highlights the key role that Leptotrichia trevisanii plays in the introduction of sepsis among immunocompromised patients, particularly with hematologic malignancies, like AML, on chemotherapy.

Keywords: Leptotrichia trevisanii, immunocompromised state, bacteremia, septic shock, leukemia, chemotherapy.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Winn WC, Koneman EW. Koneman’s color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology 6th Co. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott/The Williams & Wilkins 2006.
[2]
Eribe ERK, Paster BJ, Caugant DA, et al. genetic diversity of leptotrichia and description of leptotrichia goodfellowii sp. nov., leptotrichia hofstadii sp. nov., leptotrichia shahii sp. nov. and leptotrichia wadei sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54(2): 583-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02819-0] [PMID: 15023979]
[3]
Eribe ERK, Olsen I. Leptotrichia species in human infections. Anaerobe 2008; 14(3): 131-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.04.004] [PMID: 18539056]
[4]
Eribe ERK, Olsen I. Chapter 49: Molecular detection of human bacterial pathogens. Section III.Baceroidetes, Chlamydiae, and Fusobacteria. Boca Raton, London, New YorkCRC Press: Taylor & Francis Group 2011; pp. 555-66.
[5]
Woo PCY, Wong SSY, Teng JLL, et al. Leptotrichia hongkongensis sp. nov., a novel Leptotrichia species with the oral cavity as its natural reservoir. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 11(6): 391-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1000056] [PMID: 20506569]
[6]
Tee W, Midolo P, Janssen P, Kerr T, Dyall-Smith M. Bacteremia due to Leptotrichia trevisanii sp. nov. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20(11): 765-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960100618] [PMID: 11783691]
[7]
Muttaiyah S, Paviour S, Buckwell L, Roberts SA. Anaerobic bacteraemia in patients admitted to Auckland City Hospital: Its clinical significance. N Z Med J 2007; 120(1265): U2809.
[PMID: 18264176]
[8]
Eribe ERK, Olsen I. Leptotrichia species in human infections II. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9(1): 1368848.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2017.1368848] [PMID: 29081911]
[9]
İnal N, Hazırolan G. A case of bacteremia caused by Leptotrichia trevisanii in pediatric patient with febrile neutropenia and review of literature. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/030.2021.01358] [PMID: 34051072]
[10]
Kumagai J, Takiguchi Y, Shono K, et al. Acute myelogenous leukemia with Leptotrichia trevisanii bacteremia. Intern Med 2013; 52(22): 2573-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.52.9580] [PMID: 24240799]
[11]
Schrimsher JM, McGuirk JP, Hinthorn DR. Leptotrichia trevisanii sepsis after bone marrow transplantation. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19(10): 1690-1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1910.121048] [PMID: 24047561]
[12]
Higurashi Y, Tatsuno K, Fujimoto F, et al. Two cases of bacteremia caused by Leptotrichia trevisanii in patients with febrile neutropenia. J Infect Chemother 2013; 19(6): 1181-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10156-013-0596-7] [PMID: 23584842]
[13]
Sabater Cabrera C, Fernández Blázquez A, García Carús E. Bacteremia due to Leptotrichia trevisanii after an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Enferm Infect Microbiol Clin 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2016.09.010]
[14]
Cooreman S, Schuermans C, Van Schaeren J, et al. Bacteraemia caused by Leptotrichia trevisanii in a neutropenic patient. Anaerobe 2011; 17(1): 1-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.12.002] [PMID: 21184838]
[15]
Martín Gutiérrez, Rodrıguez, Antonio Lepe, et al. Rapid identification of a Leptotrichia trevisanii catheter-related bloodstream infection using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JMM case reports 2015; AUG 1.
[16]
Cho EH, Park KS, Yang M, et al. Laboratory identification of leptotrichia species isolated from bacteremia patients at a single institution. Ann Lab Med 2017; 37(3): 272-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3343/alm.2017.37.3.272] [PMID: 28224775]
[17]
Byun JH, Kim M, Lee Y, Lee K, Chong Y. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacterial clinical isolates from 2014 to 2016, including recently named or renamed species. Ann Lab Med 2019; 39(2): 190-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3343/alm.2019.39.2.190] [PMID: 30430782]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
15
5
World Blood Donor Day
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy