Title:Analysis of Ultrasound Supported Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities
of Disinfection By-product Bromochloroacetonitrile
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Author(s): Sevda E.R.*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacy, Yunus Emre Vocational School, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Türkiye
Keywords:
Antimicrobial activity, fulvic acid, bromochloroacetonitrile, water chlorination, disinfection by-products, biofilm, dibromo acetonitrile.
Abstract:
Introduction: Some microorganism threaten human health by forming biofilm in water systems.
Because microorganism in the biofilm structure are more resistant to antimicrobials.
Methods: Water systems are disinfected with physical methods, such as ultrasonication techniques and
chemical disinfectants. Bromochloroacetonitrile is produced as a by-product from algae and fulvic acid
sources during water chlorination. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects
of bromochloroacetonitrile on some bacteria alone and with ultrasound treatment. The study used
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae MCTC 13438, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC
25923 strains. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the test substance were analyzed alone with
bromochloroacetonitrile and Ultrasound-assisted. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values of the test
substance against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae MCTC 13438, and Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC 25923 strains were 25, 25 and 50 mM, respectively, and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
values were 50, >50, and >50 mM, respectively.
Results: The obtained data show that bromochloroacetonitrile is a potential disinfection agent that can be
used against biofilm formation in water systems. Besides, it was revealed that when ultrasound treatment
was applied with bromochloroacetonitrile, it showed 100% antibiofilm activity on E. coli and K. pneumoniae
and 79.45% antibiofilm activity on S. aureus strains. The obtained data show that bromochloroacetonitrile
is a potential disinfection agent that can be used against biofilm formation in water systems.
This study is preliminary and planned to reveal the cytotoxic effects of bromochloroacetonitrile on
healthy human skin and liver cells in the following study.
Conclusion: These results will contribute to the literature, as no study reveals the antimicrobial and antibiofilm
activities of bromochloroacetonitrile.
