Title:Effectiveness In Vivo and In Vitro of Polymeric Nanoparticles as a
Drug Release System in the Treatment of Leishmaniasis
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
关键词:
被忽视的疾病，利什曼原虫，释放系统，聚合物纳米颗粒，被动矢量化，功能化纳米颗粒，主动矢量化。
摘要: Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by the parasite of the genus Leishmania.
Current treatment regimens are obsolete and cause several side effects, promoting
poor patient compliance, in addition to the vast majority already having the potential for
resistance. Therefore, polymeric nanoparticles emerge as one of the viable alternatives to
overcome existing limitations, through passive or active vectorization. This review aims
to summarize the latest studies of polymeric nanoparticles as an alternative treatment for
leishmaniasis. In the first section, the main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic challenges
of current drugs are reported. The second section details how nanoparticles with
and without functionalization are efficient in the treatment of leishmaniasis, discussing
the characteristics of the polymer in the formulation. In this way, polymeric nanoparticles
can improve the physicochemical properties of leishmanicidal drugs, improving solubility
and stability, as well as improve the release of these drugs, directly or indirectly
reaching monocytes/macrophages. 64.28% drugs were focused on the treatment of visceral
leishmaniasis, and 28.57% on cutaneous leishmaniasis. The most chosen polymers in
the literature are chitosan (35.71%) and PLGA (35.71%), the others represented 14.30%
drugs, with all able to manage the drug release and increase the in vitro and/or in vivo efficacy
of the original molecule. However, there are several barriers for these nanoformulations
to cross laboratory research and is necessary more in-depth studies about the
metabolites and degradation pathways of the polymers used in the formulations and plasma
proteomics studies.
