Title:Arnicolide D Inhibits Oxidative Stress-induced Breast Cancer Cell Growth and
Invasion through Apoptosis, Ferroptosis, and Parthanatos
Volume: 24
Issue: 11
Author(s): Wei Wen*, Ke Jin, Ying Che, Lin-Yao Du and Li-Na Wang
Affiliation:
- General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
Keywords:
Breast cancer, chinese medicinal herb, arnicolide D, ferroptosis, parthanatos, reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Abstract:
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, and its pathogenesis is very
complicated. More and more studies have found that Traditional Chinese Medicine plays an important role in tumor
prevention.
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of arnicolide D isolated from Centipeda minima in breast cancer.
Methods: Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), western blot, RT-qPCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and Transwell were used to
detect the effect of arnicolide D on the biological function of breast cancer cells.
Results: Arnicolide D promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induced a decrease in mitochondrial
membrane potential in breast cancer cells, thereby inhibiting cell viability and increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
release. Arnicolide D activated the classical apoptosis pathway to induce cell apoptosis; it significantly promoted
PARP-1 expression, enhanced the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and reduced the expression
of AIF in mitochondria, indicating that it can induce the occurrence of parthanatos in a ROS dependent manner. In
addition, arnicolide D down-regulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and increased the accumulation of
Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA), thereby activating ferroptosis. Apoptosis inhibitor, ferroptosis inhibitor, PARP
inhibitor, PARP-1 siRNA, AIF siRNA and GPX4 overexpression vector significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of
arnicolide D on cell viability and reduced LDH release, which indicates that arnicolide D inhibits breast cancer cell
growth by inducing apoptosis, parthanatos and ferroptosis. Arnicolide D also reduced breast cancer cell invasion and
inhibited the expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9.
Conclusion: Arnicolide D can activate a variety of cell death modes by inducing oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting
the growth and invasion of breast cancer cells, indicating that arnicolide D has a good anti-tumor effect.