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Letters in Organic Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 1570-1786
ISSN (Online): 1875-6255

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Research Article

Synthesis, Molecular Docking Analysis and In vitro Evaluation of 1,4- Dihydroxyanthraquinone Derivatives As Anti-Trypanosomal Agents

Author(s): Lydia Kisula*, Xavier Siwe-Noundou, Tarryn Swart, Heinrich C. Hoppe, Quintino Mgani and Rui WM Krause

Volume 20, Issue 6, 2023

Published on: 30 December, 2022

Page: [507 - 518] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1570178620666221114100226

open access plus

Abstract

Hydroxy-substituted anthraquinones are among the most important derivatives in organic synthesis. The attractive biological properties of these compounds are relevant to many therapeutic areas that are of use in clinical applications. In this study synthesized several amino-substituted anthraquinones were synthesized from 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone using a modified Marschalk reaction. Moreover, 1,4,5-trihydroxyanthraquinone was synthesized from anacardic acid, an agro-waste from the cashew industry. The in vitro screening of the compounds against Trypanosoma brucei parasites revealed noteworthy activity with reasonable selectivity against human cell lines. A molecular docking study was performed to analyze the synthesized compounds' modes of interaction to the trypanothione reductase's active site. Visual inspections examined the docked poses, and test compounds displayed a good binding affinity with the receptor protein. This in vitro/ molecular docking evaluation suggests that substituted 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone derivative can be promising starting structures in the search for active drugs against trypanosomiasis.

Keywords: 1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Anacardium occidentale, anacardic acid, Trypanosoma brucei, molecular docking, pathogens.

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