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Current Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

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Review Article

Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticle’s Safety in Biomedical and Agricultural Applications: A Review of Recent Progress

Author(s): Md Salman Shakil*, Md Simul Bhuiya, Md Reaz Morshed, Golap Babu, Mahruba Sultana Niloy, Md Sakib Hossen and Md Asiful Islam*

Volume 30, Issue 15, 2023

Published on: 30 December, 2022

Page: [1756 - 1775] Pages: 20

DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666221007113951

Price: $65

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Abstract

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFN) have drawn attention as a theranostic agent. Unique physicochemical features of CFN and magnetic properties make CFN an outstanding candidate for biomedical, agricultural, and environmental applications. The extensive use of CFN may result in intentional inoculation of humans for disease diagnosis and therapeutic purposes or unintentional penetration of CFN via inhalation, ingestion, adsorption, or other means. Therefore, understanding the potential cytotoxicity of CFN may pave the way for their future biomedical and agricultural applications. This review scrutinized CFN biocompatibility, possible effects, and cytotoxic mechanisms in different biological systems. Literature indicates CFN toxicity is linked with their size, synthesizing methods, coating materials, exposure time, route of administration, and test concentrations. Some in vitro cytotoxicity tests showed misleading results of CFN potency; this might be due to the interaction of CFN with cytotoxicity assay regents. To date, published research indicates that the biocompatibility of CFN outweighed its cytotoxic effects in plant or animal models, but the opposite outcomes were observed in aquatic Zebrafish.

Keywords: Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, theranostic agent, biological systems, biocompatibility, toxicological outcomes, cytotoxicity.

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