进入糖热时代：在发现二甲双胍一个世纪后重新审视双胍类药物的降血糖作用

Title:Entering the Sugar Rush Era: Revisiting the Antihyperglycemic Activities of Biguanides after a Century of Metformin Discovery

Volume: 30 Issue: 22

关键词: 双胍类，二甲双胍，糖尿病，分子靶标，复合物I，乳酸酸中毒。

摘要: The development of clinically viable metformin analogs is a challenge largely to be overcome. Despite being an extremely efficient drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, multiple studies were conducted seeking to improve its hypoglycemic activity or to ameliorate aspects such as low oral absorption and the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. Furthermore, efforts have been made to attribute new activities, or even to expand the pre-existing ones, that could enhance its effects on diabetes, such as pancreas-protective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we describe the analogs of metformin developed in the last three decades, highlighting the lack of computationally based rational approaches to guide their development. We also discuss this is probably a consequence of how unclear the mechanism of action of the parent drug is and highlight the recent advances towards the establishment of the main molecular target(s) for metformin. We also explored the binding of metformin, buformin and phenformin to the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I through molecular docking analyses and reviewed the prospects of applying computational tools to improve the success in the development of such analogs. Therefore, it becomes evident that the wide range of molecular targets and the multiple activities displayed by metformin make this drug a promising prototype for developing novel entities, particularly for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cite this article as:

Entering the Sugar Rush Era: Revisiting the Antihyperglycemic Activities of Biguanides after a Century of Metformin Discovery, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2023; 30 (22) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867329666220820151959