Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5265
ISSN (Online): 2212-3989

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Cross-Sectional Study

The Determinants of Treatment Delay and Quality of Life among the Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Northeastern Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author(s): Phiman Thirarattanasunthon, Paleeratana Wongrith, Omid Dadras* and Surasak Kabmuangpak

Volume 23, Issue 2, 2023

Published on: 01 September, 2022

Article ID: e180822207644 Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220818142651

Price: $65

Abstract

Background/Objective: Delays in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are linked to financial difficulties, employment limits, dependency, and symptomatic treatment, all of which have an impact on the patient's quality of life. Patients' psychological, economic, and social well-being are also harmed by delayed therapy. The goal of this research was to evaluate sociodemographic characteristics and quality of life in new pulmonary TB patients and determine the associated factors with delayed TB diagnosis.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Choke Chai Community Hospital, in Northeastern Thailand between 2016 and 2018. The information related to the patient’s medical history and laboratory tests were gathered from 332 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients at the hospital's tuberculosis clinic; of those 15 died and were excluded from the final analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.

Results: The cases included new cases (94%) and those returning to receive treatment after discontinuation of treatment, relapse, or recurrence of the disease (6%). The sample consisted of 68.7% males and 31.3% females. The average age was 52.7 years (S.D = 15.64). The majority of patients were married (60.5%), employed (68.6%), received a low income (66.6%), had a history of chronic diseases (73%), drank alcohol (31.7%), and smoked (85.7%). Approximately half of PTB experienced treatment delay and had a low quality of life (QoL) (46.6%). The treatment delay was associated with age > 50 years (p <0.05), low self-care (p <0.05), long distance to facility (p <0.05), unavailable caretaker to treat (p <0.05), no caregiver in family (p <0.05), high expenses (p <0.01), and lack of information (p <0.001).

Conclusion: It appeared that the patients' health-related quality of life could be deteriorated as a result of pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment delays can be significantly reduced by changing the understanding of family caregivers, increasing awareness, providing adequate support for patients, and guaranteeing early diagnosis and treatment by implementing an efficient surveillance system.

Keywords: Quality of life, TB, pulmonary, tuberculosis, socio-demographic, smear positive, drug-resistant TB.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Global tuberculosis report 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2018. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274453/9789241565646-eng.pdf?ua=1
[2]
Global tuberculosis report 2020: The 2020 edition of the global TB report. WHO. 2020. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/336069/9789240013131-eng.pdf (Accessed on: 22 Oct, 2020).
[3]
World Health Organization ROfS-EA. Tuberculosis control in the South-East Asia Region: Annual Report 2016. In: New Delhi: World Health Organization 2016.
[4]
National tuberculosis control programme guideline, Thailand. Bureau of tuberculosis, department of disease control, ministry of publichealth. 2018. Available from: https://www.tbthailand.org/download/Manual/NTP2018.pdf (Accessed on: 12 Oct, 2020).
[5]
Seung KJ, Keshavjee S, Rich ML. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5(9): a017863.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a017863]
[6]
Cai J, Wang X, Ma A, Wang Q, Han X, Li Y. Factors associated with patient and provider delays for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2015; 10(3): e0120088.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120088]
[7]
Seid A, Metaferia Y. Factors associated with treatment delay among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Dessie city and surroundings, Northern Central Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18(1): 931.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5823-9] [PMID: 30055593]
[8]
Louw J, Peltzer K, Naidoo P, Matseke G, Mchunu G, Tutshana B. Quality of life among tuberculosis (TB), TB retreatment and/or TB-HIV co infected primary public health care patients in three districts in South Africa. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2012; 10(1): 77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-77] [PMID: 22742511]
[9]
Gugssa Boru C, Shimels T, Bilal AI. Factors contributing to non-adherence with treatment among TB patients in Sodo Woreda, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A qualitative study. J Infect Public Health 2017; 10(5): 527-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2016.11.018] [PMID: 28189508]
[10]
Sartika I, Insani WN, Abdulah R. Assessment of health related quality of life among tuberculosis patients in a public primary care facility in Indonesia. J Glob Infect Dis 2019; 11(3): 102-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_136_18] [PMID: 31543651]
[11]
Wong FY, Yang L, Yuen JWM, Chang KKP, Wong FKY. Assessing quality of life using WHOQOL-BREF: A cross sectional study on the association between quality of life and neighborhood environmental satisfaction, and the mediating effect of health related behaviors. BMC Public Health 2018; 18(1): 1113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5942-3] [PMID: 30208869]
[12]
Islam MZ, Efa SS, Farjana S. Patient factors related to pre treatment delay of pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective cohort study in Bangladesh. Indian J Tuberc 2020; 67(4): 472-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.07.009] [PMID: 33077046]
[13]
Datta S, Gilman RH, Montoya R, et al. Quality of life, tuberculosis and treatment outcome; a case control and nested cohort study. Eur Respir J 2020; 56(2): 1900495.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00495-2019] [PMID: 32366485]
[14]
Getnet F, Demissie M, Assefa N, Mengistie B, Worku A. Delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in low and middle income settings: Systematic review and meta analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17(1): 202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-017-0551-y] [PMID: 29237451]
[15]
Patel SV, Nimavat KB, Alpesh PB, et al. Treatment outcome among cases of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in Western India: A prospective study. J Infect Public Health 2016; 9(4): 478-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2015.11.011] [PMID: 26724262]
[16]
Khamma P. Factors associated with delay of treatment among new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Loei Provine. Thailand 2019; 26(3): 36-7.
[17]
Makwakwa L, Sheu ML, Chiang CY, Lin SL, Chang PW. Patient and heath system delays in the diagnosis and treatment of new and retreat-ment pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Malawi. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14(1): 132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-132] [PMID: 24606967]
[18]
Li Y, Ehiri J, Tang S, et al. Factors associated with patient, and diagnostic delays in Chinese TB patients: A systematic review and meta analysis. BMC Med 2013; 11(1): 156.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-156] [PMID: 23819847]
[19]
Martinez L, Xu L, Chen C, et al. Delays and pathways to final tuberculosis diagnosis in patients from a referral hospital in Urban China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96(5): 1060-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0358] [PMID: 28193742]
[20]
Datiko DG, Jerene D, Suarez P. Patient and health system delay among TB patients in Ethiopia: Nationwide mixed method cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20(1): 1126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08967-0] [PMID: 32680489]
[21]
Osei E, Akweongo P, Binka F. Factors associated with delay in diagnosis among tuberculosis patients in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana. BMC Public Health 2015; 15(1): 721.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1922-z] [PMID: 26220804]
[22]
Gadoev J, Asadov D, Tillashaykhov M, et al. Factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in new and previously treated TB patients in Uzbekistan: A five year countrywide study. PLoS One 2015; 10(6): e0128907.
[23]
Thin PP, Mongkolchati A, Laosee O. Delays in diagnosis and treatment among persons with new pulmonary tuberculosis in Mandalay Dis-trict, Central Myanmar. J Public Health Dent 2020; 18(1): 9-19.
[24]
Solikhah MM, Nursasi AY, Wiarsih W. The relationship between family’s informational support and self efficacy of pulmonary tuberculosis client. Enferm Clin 2019; 29: 424-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.062]
[25]
Kozińska M, Augustynowicz KE. The incidence of tuberculosis transmission among family members and outside households. Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2016; 84(5): 271-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0034] [PMID: 27672069]
[26]
Malik M, Nasir R, Hussain A. Health related quality of life among tb patients: Question mark on performance of TB DOTS in Pakistan. J Trop Med 2018; 2018: 2538532.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2538532] [PMID: 29623094]
[27]
Pachi A, Bratis D, Moussas G, Tselebis A. Psychiatric morbidity and other factors affecting treatment adherence in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Tuberc Res Treat 2013; 2013: 489865.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/489865] [PMID: 23691305]
[28]
Tanimura T, Jaramillo E, Weil D, Raviglione M. Lönnroth K. Financial burden for tuberculosis patients in low and middle income countries: A systematic review. Eur Respir J 2014; 43(6): 1763-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00193413] [PMID: 24525439]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
13
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy