Title:What Happens in TBI? A Wide Talk on Animal Models and Future Perspective
Volume: 21
Issue: 5
Author(s): Satyabrata Kundu and Shamsher Singh*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
Keywords:
Traumatic brain injury, social impairment, pathophysiology, craniotomy, neuroinflammation.
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global healthcare concern and a leading cause of death.
The most common causes of TBI include road accidents, sports injuries, violence in warzones, and
falls. TBI induces neuronal cell death independent of age, gender, and genetic background. TBI survivor
patients often experience long-term behavioral changes like cognitive and emotional changes. TBI
affects social activity, reducing the quality and duration of life. Over the last 40 years, several rodent
models have been developed to mimic different clinical outcomes of human TBI for a better understanding
of pathophysiology and to check the efficacy of drugs used for TBI. However, promising
neuroprotective approaches that have been used preclinically have been found to be less beneficial in
clinical trials. So, there is an urgent need to find a suitable animal model for establishing a new therapeutic
intervention useful for TBI. In this review, we have demonstrated the etiology of TBI and post-
TBI social life alteration, and also discussed various preclinical TBI models of rodents, zebrafish, and
drosophila.