Generic placeholder image

Current Traditional Medicine

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2215-0838
ISSN (Online): 2215-0846

Review Article

Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry of Selected Species of Boerhavia Occurring in India: A Review

Author(s): Mandar Mahendra Muley, Shrusti Mahesh Doshi, Alok Goyal and Sanjay M. Jachak*

Volume 9, Issue 2, 2023

Published on: 26 September, 2022

Article ID: e300622206554 Pages: 21

DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220630163720

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The plant species belonging to the genus Boerhavia (Nyctaginaceae) have been used extensively in ethnomedicine and Ayurveda in India. Rakta punarnava and Sveta punarnava are two of the species mentioned in various Ayurvedic formulations. Other species of Boerhavia, though not found in the Indian system of medicine, do hold importance in ethnomedicine systems in India and other countries.

Objective: Boerhavia, a polymorphic genus, has been treated as a single genus encompassing species belonging to a morphologically related genus, Commicarpus. Owing to this taxonomic quandary with regard to the merger or separation of the two genera by different workers, there are different reports on the number of species belonging to this genus. This has further resulted in flawed reporting of ethnomedicinal as well as ethnopharmacological studies. The present review focuses on resolving any confusion regarding taxonomic treatment and highlighting the ethnomedicinal uses supported by ethnopharmacological data and the phytochemistry of Boerhavia and Commicarpus species found in India.

Conclusion: In India, four species of Boerhavia and two species belonging to Commicarpus are found. The literature survey revealed that except for B. diffusa, no other species of Boerhavia has been explored in detail. This presents an opportunity to conduct research on Boerhavia species and find new phytochemicals with promising therapeutic effects.

Keywords: Boerhavia, Commicarpus, taxonomy, ethnomedicinal use, ethnopharmacological appraisal, phytoconstituents.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Dutta DP, Maiti GG, Mondal MS. Enumeration of the family Nyctaginaceae. Indian For 2018; 144(9): 825-31.
[2]
Mabberley DJ. Mabberley’s Plant Book: A Portable Dictionary of Vascular Plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2008.
[3]
Fosberg FR. Studies in the genus Boerhavia L. (Nyctaginaceae). Smithson Contrib Bot 1978; 39: 1-20.
[4]
Patil KS, Bhalsing SR. Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the genus Boerhavia. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 182(182): 200-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.042] [PMID: 26844923]
[5]
Babu K, Dharishini MP, Austin A. Comparative root anatomy and thin layer chromatographic identification of Boerhavia diffusa L. and Boerhavia erecta L. J. Phytopharm 2017; 6(6): 318-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2017.6602]
[6]
Struwig M, Siebert SJ. A taxonomic revision of Boerhavia (Nyctaginaceae) in Southern Africa. S Afr J Bot 2013; 86: 116-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.02.172]
[7]
Debasmita DP, Maiti GG, Mondal MS. A taxonomic revision of the genus Boerhavia L. (Nyctaginaceae) in India. Journal of Global Biosciences 2015; 4(3): 1704-17.
[8]
Douglas NA, Manos PS. Molecular phylogeny of Nyctaginaceae: Taxonomy, biogeography, and characters associated with a radiation of xerophytic genera in North America. Am J Bot 2007; 94(5): 856-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.5.856] [PMID: 21636455]
[9]
Douglas N, Spellenberg R. A new tribal classification of Nyctaginaceae. Taxon 2010; 59(3): 905-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.593018]
[10]
Hooker JD. Flora Br. India. Reeve and Co London 1885; 4: 708-11.
[11]
Shetty BV, Singh V. Flora rajasthan. Bot Surv India, Calcutta 1991; 1: 453-860.
[12]
Almeida MR. Notes on Boerhavia. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 1968; 6(1): 266-8.
[13]
Struwig M, Siebert SJ. A taxonomic revision of Commicarpus (Nyctaginaceae) in Southern Africa. S Afr J Bot 2013; 84: 44-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.09.009]
[14]
Chassagne F, Haddad M, Amiel A, et al. A metabolomic approach to identify anti-hepatocarcinogenic compounds from plants used traditionally in the treatment of liver diseases. Fitoterapia 2018; 127: 226-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.02.021] [PMID: 29477305]
[15]
Mishra S, Aeri V, Gaur PK, Jachak SM. Phytochemical, therapeutic, and ethnopharmacological overview for a traditionally important herb: Boerhavia diffusa Linn. BioMed Res Int 2014; 2014: 808302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/808302] [PMID: 24949473]
[16]
Kayani S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, et al. Ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants for respiratory disorders among the inhabitants of Gallies - Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 156(1): 47-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.005] [PMID: 25153021]
[17]
Tariq A, Mussarat S, Adnan M, et al. Ethnomedicinal evaluation of medicinal plants used against gastrointestinal complaints. BioMed Res Int 2015; 2015: 892947.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/892947] [PMID: 26114117]
[18]
Malik K, Ahmad M, Zafar M, et al. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases in Northern Pakistan. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19(1): 1-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2605-6] [PMID: 30606178]
[19]
Umair M, Altaf M, Bussmann RW, Abbasi AM. Ethnomedicinal uses of the local flora in Chenab riverine area, Punjab province Pakistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2019; 15(1): 7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-019-0285-4] [PMID: 30709360]
[20]
Kadir MF, Bin Sayeed MS, Setu NI, Mostafa A, Mia MM. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used by traditional health practitioners in Thanchi, Bandarban Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155(1): 495-508.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.043] [PMID: 24892834]
[21]
Konkon N, Ouatara D, Kpan W, Kouakou T. Medicinal plants used for treatment of diabetes by traditional practitioners in the markets of Abidjan District in Côte d ’ Ivoire. J Med Pl Stu 2017; 5(2): 39-48.
[22]
Oguntibeju OO. Medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activities from selected countries and regions of Africa. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11: 307-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S167789] [PMID: 30122972]
[23]
DeFilipps RA, Krupnick GA. The medicinal plants of Myanmar. PhytoKeys 2018; 341(102): 1-341.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380] [PMID: 30002597]
[24]
Stintzing FC, Kammerer D, Schieber A, Adama H, Nacoulma OG, Carle R. Betacyanins and phenolic compounds from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Boerhavia erecta L. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci 2004; 59(1-2): 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-1-201] [PMID: 15018042]
[25]
Nugraha AS, Hilou A, Vandegraaff N, Rhodes DI, Haritakun R, Keller PA. Bioactive glycosides from the African medicinal plant Boerhavia erecta L. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29(20): 1954-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1013470] [PMID: 25699473]
[26]
Compaore M, Bakasso S, Meda RNT, Nacoulma OG. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of fractions from Bidens engleri O.E. Schulz (Asteraceae) and Boerhavia erecta L. (Nyctaginaceae). Medicines (Basel) 2018; 5(2): 53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines5020053] [PMID: 29895720]
[27]
Aziz MA, Adnan M, Khan AH, Sufyan M, Khan SN. Cross Cultural analysis of medicinal plants commonly used in ethnoveterinary practices at South Waziristan Agency and Bajaur Agency, Federally Administrated Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 210(2): 443-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.007] [PMID: 28917974]
[28]
Pullaiah T. Encyclopaedia of World Medicinal Plants. Regency Publishers 2006; p. 1071.
[29]
Krishna V, Shanthamma C. Hepatoprotective activity of root extracts of Boerhaavia erecta L. and Boerhavia rependa L. Indian J Pharm Sci 2004; 66(5): 667-70.
[30]
Kamble SY, Patil SR, Sawant PS, Sawant S, Pawar SG, Singh EA. Studies on plants used in traditional medicine by Bhilla Tribe of Maharashtra. Indian J Tradit Knowl 2010; 9(3): 591-8.
[31]
Singh BS, Singh J. Ethnobotanical uses of some plants from Central Haryana, India. Phytodiversity 2014; 1(2): 7-24.
[32]
Vijayakrishna AC, Shreedhara CS, Latha KP, Belvotagi AV. Thin layer chromatography as a tool for quality control of Punarnava. J Pharm Sci Innov 2014; 3(4): 375-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.034177]
[33]
Ahmad W, Husain I, Ahmad N, et al. BoxBehnken supported development and validation of robust hptlc method: An application in estimation of punarnavine in leaf, stem, and their callus of Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Biotech 2020; 10(4): 1-10.
[34]
Khare CP. Indian medicinal plants. Indian Med Plants 2007; p. 96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2]
[35]
Srivastava JG. The identity of Sweta punarnava of the ayurvedic literature. Q J Crude Drug Res 1968; 8(4): 1289-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880206809083355]
[36]
Maru RN, Patel RS. Ethnomedicinal plants used to cure different diseases. Int J Sci Res 2012; 2(9): 1-4.
[37]
Shmelzer GH, Gurib-Fakim A. Plant Resources of Africa - Medicinal Plants I PROTA Foundation. Wasgeningen, Netherlands: Backhuys Publishers 2008.
[38]
Ojok MF, Kakudidi EK, Kamatenesi MM, Mabusela W, Adams J. Immunological evaluation of Commicarpus plumbagineus Standl. (Nyctaginaceae) use in reproductive health care in Uganda. Afr J Ecol 2007; 45(3): 116-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00867.x]
[39]
Hiruma-Lima CA, Gracioso JS, Bighetti EJB. Germonse’nRobineou L, Souza Brito ARM. The juice of fresh leaves of Boerhavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae) markedly reduces pain in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 71(1-2): 267-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00178-1] [PMID: 10904173]
[40]
Yahaya ES, Cordier W, Steenkamp PA, Steenkamp V. Attenuation of oxidative stress and artificial wound closure in C2C12 myoblasts induced by sequential extracts of Boerhavia diffusa. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70(1): 111-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12833] [PMID: 29023794]
[41]
Do TML, Truong AV, Vo TN, et al. New Derivatives from the aerial parts of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae). Phytochem Lett 2013; 6(4): 544-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2013.07.001]
[42]
Lakshmi S, Reddy AS, Ganapaty S, Ganga Rao B, Ramesh A. Anticataract potential of Boerhavia diffusa roots on galactose induced cataractogenesis. Indian J Exp Biol 2017; 55(12): 838-44.
[43]
Juneja K, Mishra R, Chauhan S, Gupta S, Roy P, Sircar D. Metabolite profiling and wound-healing activity of Boerhavia diffusa leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo models. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10(1): 52-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.02.002] [PMID: 31956558]
[44]
Kadota S, Lami N, Yasuhiro T, Kikuchi T. Constituents of the roots of Boerhavia diffusa L. I. examination of sterols and structures of new rotenoids, Boeravinones A and B. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1989; 37(12): 3214-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.3214]
[45]
Kadota S, Lami N, Yasuhiro T, Kikuchi T. Structures and NMR spectra of Boeravinone C, A new rotenoids analogue from Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1998; 36(6): 2289-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.36.2289]
[46]
Lami N, Kadota S, Kikuchi T. Constituents of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L: IV: Isolation and structure determination of Boeravinones D, E, and F. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1991; 39(7): 1863-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.39.1863]
[47]
Nazir M, Saleem M, Riaz N, et al. Two new rotenoids from Boerhavia repens. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6(11): 1651-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100601121] [PMID: 22224280]
[48]
Borrelli F, Milic N, Ascione V, et al. Isolation of new rotenoids from Boerhaavia diffusa and evaluation of their effect on intestinal motility. Planta Med 2005; 71(10): 928-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-871282] [PMID: 16254824]
[49]
Do TML, Truong AV, Pinnock TG, et al. New rotenoids and coumaronochromonoids from the aerial part of Boerhaavia erecta. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 61(6): 624-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c12-01081] [PMID: 23727777]
[50]
Ahmed-Belkacem A, Macalou S, Borrelli F, et al. Nonprenylated rotenoids, a new class of potent breast cancer resistance protein inhibitors. J Med Chem 2007; 50(8): 1933-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm061450q] [PMID: 17341062]
[51]
Bairwa K, Singh IN, Roy SK, Grover J, Srivastava A, Jachak SM. Rotenoids from Boerhaavia diffusa as potential anti-inflammatory agents. J Nat Prod 2013; 76(8): 1393-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np300899w] [PMID: 23914900]
[52]
Borrelli F, Ascione V, Capasso R, Izzo AA, Fattorusso E, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Spasmolytic effects of nonprenylated rotenoid constituents of Boerhaavia diffusa roots. J Nat Prod 2006; 69(6): 903-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np060073h] [PMID: 16792408]
[53]
Ahmed M, Datta BK, Shamsur Rouf AS. Rotenoids from Boerhaavia repens. Phytochemistry 1990; 29(5): 1709-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80156-B]
[54]
Ferreres F, Sousa C, Justin M, et al. Characterisation of the phenolic profile of Boerhaavia diffusa L. by HPLC-PAD-MS/MS as a tool for quality control. Phytochem Anal 2005; 16(6): 451-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.869] [PMID: 16315490]
[55]
Petrus AJA, Siva Hemalatha S, Suguna G. Isolation and characterization of the antioxidant phenolic metabolites of Boerhaavia erecta L. leaves. J Pharm Sci Res 2012; 4(7): 1856-61.
[56]
Bokhari J, Khan MR, Haq IU. Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of Boerhavia procumbens Banks ex Roxb. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32(8): 1456-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233714567183] [PMID: 25614579]
[57]
Maurya R, Sathiamoorthy B, Deepak M. Flavonoids and phenol glycosides from Boerhavia diffusa. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21(2): 126-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410600906194] [PMID: 17365699]
[58]
Dao TB, Duong T-H, Dao NV, et al. Berectones A and B: Two new rotenoids from the aerial parts of Boerhavia erecta. Nat Prod Res 2021; 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.1920586] [PMID: 33957820]
[59]
Li J, Li H, Kadota S, Namba T, Miyahara T, Khan UG. Effects on cultured neonatal mouse calvaria of the flavonoids isolated from Boerhaavia repens. J Nat Prod 1996; 59(11): 1015-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np960453a] [PMID: 8946741]
[60]
Gupta DR, Ahmed B. A new C-methylflavone from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. roots. Indian J Chem B 1984; 23: 682-4.
[61]
Agarwal RR, Dutt SS. Chemical examination of punarnava or Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. II. Isolation of an alkaloid punarnavine. Proc Natl Acad Sci United Prov 1935; 5: 240-2.
[62]
Nandi RP, Chatterjee SK. Occurence of punarnavines in Boerhaavia repens Linn. Indian J Exp Biol 1974; 12(6): 509-11.
[PMID: 4464253]
[63]
Abbasi MA, Rubab K, Rehman A, et al. In vitro assessment of relief to oxidative stress by different fractions of Boerhavia procumbens. Pak J Pharm Sci 2012; 25(2): 357-64.
[PMID: 22459462]
[64]
Lami N, Kadota S, Kikuchi T, Momose Y. Constituents of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa L. III. Identification of Ca2+ channel antagonistic compound from the methanol extract. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1991; 39(6): 1551-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.39.1551] [PMID: 1934177]
[65]
Jain GK, Khanna NM. Punarnavoside: A new antifibrinolytic agent from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. ChemInform 1989; 20(34): 163-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198934353]
[66]
Bhatia V, Kinja K, Bishnoi H. Antidiabetic activity of the alcoholic extract of the arial part of Boerhaavia diffusa in rats. Recent Res Sci Technol 2011; 3(7): 4-7.
[67]
Pari L, Amarnath Satheesh M. Antidiabetic activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L.: Effect on hepatic key enzymes in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 91(1): 109-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.013] [PMID: 15036478]
[68]
Singh PK, Baxi D, Doshi A, Ramachandran AV. Antihyperglycaemic and renoprotective effect of Boerhaavia diffusa L. in experimental diabetic rats. J Complement Integr Med 2011; 8(1): 1-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1553-3840.1533] [PMID: 22754925]
[69]
Alam P, Shahzad N, Gupta AK, et al. Anti-diabetic effect of Boerhavia diffusa L. root extract via free radical scavenging and antioxidant mechanism. Toxicol Environ Health Sci 2018; 10(3): 220-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13530-018-0367-z]
[70]
Oyebode OA, Erukainure OL, Chukwuma CI, Ibeji CU, Koorbanally NA, Islam S. Boerhaavia diffusa inhibits key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes in vitro and in silico; and modulates abdominal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake ex vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106: 1116-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.053] [PMID: 30119178]
[71]
Olaleye MT, Akinmoladun AC, Ogunboye AA, Akindahunsi AA. Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective property of leaf extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48(8-9): 2200-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.047] [PMID: 20553784]
[72]
Kaushik A, Husain A, Singh D, Pratap RK, Mani D. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of swaras and hima extracts of Tinospora cordifolia and Boerhavia diffusa in swiss albino mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13: 38-46.
[73]
Bairwa K, Jachak SM. Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipid-based formulation of a rotenoid-rich fraction prepared from Boerhavia diffusa. Pharm Biol 2015; 53(8): 1231-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.971382] [PMID: 25864706]
[74]
Muthu S, Ashir S, Sakeer S. Anti-Inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa leaves in wistar rats. Malaya J Biosci 2014; 2014(2): 76-85.
[75]
Prathapan A, Singh MK, Anusree SS, Kumar SS, Sundaresan A, Raghu KG. Antiperoxidative, free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities of Boerhaavia diffusa L. J Food Biochem 2011; 35(5): 1548-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00477.x]
[76]
Aviello G, Canadanovic-Brunet JM, Milic N, et al. Potent antioxidant and genoprotective effects of boeravinone G, a rotenoid isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa. PLoS One 2011; 6(5): e19628.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019628] [PMID: 21625488]
[77]
Ayyappan P, Palayyan SR, Kozhiparambil Gopalan R. Attenuation of oxidative damage by Boerhaavia diffusa L. against different neurotoxic agents in rat brain homogenate. J Diet Suppl 2016; 13(3): 300-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2015.1036186] [PMID: 26268727]
[78]
Goel RK, Kaur M. Anti-convulsant activity of Boerhaavia diffusa: Plausible role of calcium channel antagonism. Evidence-based Complement. Altern Med 2009; 2011: 310420.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep192]
[79]
Bokhari J, Khan MR. Evaluation of anti-asthmatic and antioxidant potential of Boerhavia procumbens in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) treated rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 172(1): 377-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.049] [PMID: 26151242]
[80]
Manu KA, Kuttan G. Immunomodulatory activities of Punarnavine, an alkaloid from Boerhaavia diffusa. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31(3): 377-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08923970802702036] [PMID: 19555203]
[81]
Prathapan A, Vineetha VP, Abhilash PA, Raghu KG. Boerhaavia diffusa L. attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells via modulating oxidative stress and down-regulating NF-κβ and transforming growth factor β1. Br J Nutr 2013; 110(7): 1201-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513000561] [PMID: 23591029]
[82]
A P, Varghese MV, S A, et al. Polyphenol rich ethanolic extract from Boerhavia diffusa L. mitigates angiotensin II induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87: 427-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.114] [PMID: 28068633]
[83]
Prathapan A, Vineetha VP, Raghu KG. Protective effect of Boerhaavia diffusa L. against mitochondrial dysfunction in angiotensin II induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. PLoS One 2014; 9(4): e96220.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096220] [PMID: 24788441]
[84]
A P, P SR, M PR, K G R. Apoptosis in angiotensin II-stimulated hypertrophic cardiac cells -modulation by phenolics rich extract of Boerhavia diffusa L. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108: 1097-104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.114] [PMID: 30372810]
[85]
Van Thai H, Kim E, Kim SC, et al. Boerhavia diffusa L. ethanol extract suppresses inflammatory responses via inhibition of Src/Syk/TRAF6. J Funct Foods 2015; 17: 476-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.004]
[86]
Sawardekar SB, Patel TC. Evaluation of the effect of Boerhavia diffusa on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015; 6(2): 95-103.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-9476.146545] [PMID: 26166999]
[87]
Manu KA, Kuttan G. Punarnavine induces apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB signaling. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009; 10(6): 1031-7.
[PMID: 20192578]
[88]
Chopra M, Srivastava R, Saluja D, Dwarakanath BS. Inhibition of human cervical cancer cell growth by ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. (Punarnava) root. Evidence-based Complement. Altern Med 2011; 2011: 1-14.
[89]
Saraswati S, Alhaider AA, Agrawal SS. Punarnavine, an alkaloid from Boerhaavia diffusa exhibits anti-angiogenic activity via downregulation of VEGF in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206(2): 204-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2013.09.007] [PMID: 24060680]
[90]
Sreeja S, Sreeja S. An in vitro study on antiproliferative and antiestrogenic effects of Boerhaavia diffusa L. extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126(2): 221-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.041] [PMID: 19723573]
[91]
Hilou A, Nacoulma OG, Guiguemde TR. In vivo antimalarial activities of extracts from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Boerhaavia erecta L. in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 103(2): 236-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.006] [PMID: 16171960]
[92]
Vasuki K, Murugananthan G, Banupriya C, Ramya R, Mohana C, Shenjudar D. Investigation of immunomodulatory potential of whole plant of Boerhavia erecta Linn. Pharmacogn J 2018; 10(2): 241-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2018.2.42]
[93]
Nisha M, Vinod BN, Sunil C. Evaluation of Boerhavia erecta L. for potential antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Futur J Pharm Sci 2018; 4(2): 150-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fjps.2017.12.001]
[94]
Sadeghi Z, Valizadeh J, Azyzian Shermeh O, Akaberi M. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Boerhavia elegans (choisy) grown in Baluchestan, Iran. Avicenna J Phytomed 2015; 5(1): 1-9.
[PMID: 25767751]
[95]
Ramazani A, Zakeri S, Sardari S, Khodakarim N, Djadidt ND. In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of Boerhavia elegans and Solanum surattense. Malar J 2010; 9(124): 124.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-124] [PMID: 20462416]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy