Generic placeholder image

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5303
ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

Review Article

Neurobiological Correlates Shared Between Obesity, BED and Food Addiction

Author(s): Walter Milano, Francesca Carizzone, Valeria De Biasio, Maria Angela Mercorio, Maria Francesca Milano, Biancamaria Saetta and Anna Capasso*

Volume 23, Issue 3, 2023

Published on: 10 November, 2022

Page: [283 - 293] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220627125642

Price: $65

Abstract

The ubiquity of the obesity condition in the United States, Europe and other regions with developed economies will associate to a significant adverse impact on public health. Numerous data indicate that social, behavioral, neuroendocrine, and metabolic factors may encourage compulsive eating behaviors thus increasing the risk of obesity. Several pathological conditions overlap with excess weight. Among the most common, there are binge eating disorder (BED) and food addiction (FA), which share several neurobiological and behavioral aspects with substance addictions. BED has many features in common with addictive behavior, such as loss of control and the need to frequently repeat the dysfunctional pattern despite negative consequences.

The food addiction hypothesis assumes that exposure to highly palatable foods alters the reward circuits of the brain, resulting in a behavioral phenotype similar to substance addiction and facilitating dysfunctional eating behaviors, such as binge eating crises. In this review, over 100 publications, researched on MEDLINE from 2000 until march 2021, were included since they evaluate neuroendocrine changes, emotional homeostatic factors and the reward circuit, associating them with exposure to highly palatable foods, loss of control, the way we eat, the increase in impulsiveness and the inability to change eating behavior despite the negative consequences related to overweight and obesity.

Finally, understanding the underlying neurobiological circuits of compulsive eating behaviors and food addiction could result in a great therapeutic potential for patients suffering from ailments nutrition and obesity.

Keywords: Binge eating disorder, food addiction, obesity, compulsive eating behaviors, ailments nutrition, overweight.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Glanz, K.; Sallis, J.F.; Saelens, B.E.; Frank, L.D. Healthy nutrition environments: Concepts and measures. Am. J. Health Promot., 2005, 19(5), 330-333. [ii.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-19.5.330] [PMID: 15895534]
[2]
Chooi, Y.C.; Ding, C.; Magkos, F. The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism, 2019, 92, 6-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005] [PMID: 30253139]
[3]
Ivezaj, V.; White, M.A.; Grilo, C.M. Examining binge-eating disorder and food addiction in adults with overweight and obesity. Obesity, 2016, 24(10), 2064-2069.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.21607] [PMID: 27558207]
[4]
Milano, W.; De Biasio, V.; Di Munzio, W.; Foggia, G.; Capasso, A. Obesity: The new global epidemic pharmacological treatment, opportunities and limits for personalized therapy. Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 2020, 20(8), 1232-1243.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200515112853] [PMID: 32410565]
[5]
Lutter, M.; Nestler, E.J. Homeostatic and hedonic signals interact in the regulation of food intake. J. Nutr., 2009, 139(3), 629-632.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.097618] [PMID: 19176746]
[6]
Kessler, R.C.; Berglund, P.A.; Chiu, W.T.; Deitz, A.C.; Hudson, J.I.; Shahly, V.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Alonso, J.; Angermeyer, M.C.; Benjet, C.; Bruffaerts, R.; de Girolamo, G.; de Graaf, R.; Maria Haro, J.; Kovess-Masfety, V.; O’Neill, S.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sasu, C.; Scott, K.; Viana, M.C.; Xavier, M. The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Biol. Psychiatry, 2013, 73(9), 904-914.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.020] [PMID: 23290497]
[7]
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5, 5th ed; American Psychiatric Publishing, INC: Arlington, VA, 2013.
[8]
Hauck, C.; Cook, B.; Ellrott, T. Food addiction, eating addiction and eating disorders. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 2020, 79(1), 103-112.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665119001162] [PMID: 31744566]
[9]
Smink, F.R.; van Hoeken, D.; Hoek, H.W. Epidemiology, course, and outcome of eating disorders. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry, 2013, 26(6), 543-548.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328365a24f] [PMID: 24060914]
[10]
Capasso, A.; Siano, C.; Milano, W. Recent clinical aspects of eating disorders. Rev. Recent Clin. Trials, 2009, 4(1), 63-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488709787047594]
[11]
Herpertz, S.; Hagenah, U.; Vocks, S.; von Wietersheim, J.; Cuntz, U.; Zeeck, A. The diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int., 2011, 108(40), 678-685.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2011.0678] [PMID: 22114627]
[12]
Swanson, S.A.; Crow, S.J.; Le Grange, D.; Swendsen, J.; Merikangas, K.R. Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in adolescents. Results from the national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2011, 68(7), 714-723.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22] [PMID: 21383252]
[13]
Grilo, C.M.; Hrabosky, J.I.; White, M.A.; Allison, K.C.; Stunkard, A.J.; Masheb, R.M. Overvaluation of shape and weight in binge eating disorder and overweight controls: Refinement of a diagnostic construct. J. Abnorm. Psychol., 2008, 117(2), 414-419.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.414] [PMID: 18489217]
[14]
de Zwaan, M. Binge eating disorder and obesity. Int. J. Obes. 2001; Striegel-Moore, R.H.; Franko, D.L. Epidemiology of binge eating disorder. Int. J. Eat. Disord., 2003, 34, S19-S29.
[15]
Manfredi, L.; Accoto, A.; Couyoumdjian, A.; Conversi, A. Systematic review of genetic polymorphisms associated with binge eating disorder. Nutrients, 2021, 13, 848.
[16]
Cameron, J.D.; Tasca, G.A.; Little, J.; Chyurlia, L.; Ritchie, K.; Yeh, E.; Doucette, S.; Obregon, A-M.; Bulman, D.E.; Doucet, É.; Goldfield, G.S. Effects of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms on binge eating in women with binge-eating disorder: The moderating influence of attachment style. Nutrition, 2019, 61, 208-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.006] [PMID: 30822753]
[17]
Davis, C. The epidemiology and genetics of binge eating disorder (BED). CNS Spectr., 2015, 20(6), 522-529.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1092852915000462] [PMID: 26258270]
[18]
Ceccarini, M.R.; Tasegian, A.; Franzago, M.; Patria, F.F.; Albi, E.; Codini, M.; Conte, C.; Bertelli, M.; Dalla Ragione, L.; Stuppia, L.; Beccari, T. 5-HT2AR and BDNF gene variants in eating disorders susceptibility. Am. J. Med. Genet. B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet., 2020, 183(3), 155-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32771] [PMID: 31746551]
[19]
Davis, C.A.; Levitan, R.D.; Reid, C.; Carter, J.C.; Kaplan, A.S.; Patte, K.A.; King, N.; Curtis, C.; Kennedy, J.L. Dopamine for “wanting” and opioids for “liking”: A comparison of obese adults with and without binge eating. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2009, 17(6), 1220-1225.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.52] [PMID: 19282821]
[20]
Bello, N.T.; Hajnal, A. Dopamine and binge eating behaviors. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2010, 97(1), 25-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2010.04.016] [PMID: 20417658]
[21]
Naef, L.; Pitman, K.A.; Borgland, S.L. Mesolimbic dopamine and its neuromodulators in obesity and binge eating. CNS Spectr., 2015, 20(6), 574-583.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1092852915000693] [PMID: 26514168]
[22]
Monteleone, P.; Tortorella, A.; Castaldo, E.; Maj, M. Association of a functional serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with binge eating disorder. Am. J. Med. Genet. B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet., 2006, 141B(1), 7-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30232] [PMID: 16249995]
[23]
Dalley, J.W.; Roiser, J.P. Dopamine, serotonin and impulsivity. Neuroscience, 2012, 215, 42-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.065] [PMID: 22542672]
[24]
González, L.M.; Mota-Zamorano, S.; García-Herráiz, A.; López-Nevado, E.; Gervasini, G. Genetic variants in dopamine pathways affect personality dimensions displayed by patients with eating disorders. Eat. Weight Disord., 2021, 26(1), 93-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00820-7] [PMID: 31786797]
[25]
Becker, D.F.; Grilo, C.M. Comorbidity of mood and substance use disorders in patients with binge-eating disorder: Associations with personality disorder and eating disorder pathology. J. Psychosom. Res., 2015, 79(2), 159-164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.01.016] [PMID: 25700727]
[26]
Davis, C.; Mackew, L.; Levitan, R.D.; Kaplan, A.S.; Carter, J.S.; Kennedy, J.L. Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in relation to addictive behaviors and personality risk factors. Front. Psychol., 2017, 25, 579.
[27]
Meule, A.; Gearhardt, A.N. Food addiction in the light of DSM-5. Nutrients, 2014, 6, 3653-3671.
[28]
Randolph, T.G. The descriptive features of food addiction; addictive eating and drinking. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol, 1956, 17(2), 198-224.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/qjsa.1956.17.198] [PMID: 13336254]
[29]
Moore, C.F.; Panciera, J.I.; Sabino, V.; Cottone, P. Neuropharmacology of compulsive eating. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 1742, 373(1742), 20170024.
[30]
Gearhardt, A.N.; Corbin, W.R.; Brownell, K.D. Food addiction: An examination of the diagnostic criteria for dependence. J. Addict. Med., 2009, 3(1), 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0b013e318193c993] [PMID: 21768996]
[31]
Pedram, P.; Sun, G. Hormonal and dietary characteristics in obese human subjects with and without food addiction. Nutrients, 2014, 7(1), 223-238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7010223] [PMID: 25558907]
[32]
Paul, C. Fletcher, Paul, J. Kenny food addiction: A valid concept? Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, 43(13), 2506-2513.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-018-0203-9]
[33]
Imperatori, C.; Fabbricatore, M.; Vumbaca, V.; Innamorati, M.; Contardi, A.; Farina, B. Food Addiction: Definition, measurement and prevalence in healthy subjects and in patients with eating disorders. Riv. Psichiatr., 2016, 51(2), 60-65.
[PMID: 27183510]
[34]
Meule, A.; Kübler, A. The translation of substance dependence criteria to food-related behaviors: Different views and interpretations. Front. Psychiatry, 2012, 26, 64.
[35]
Meule, A. Are certain foods addictive? Front. Psychiatry, 2014, 5, 38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00038] [PMID: 24778622]
[36]
Carlier, N.; Marshe, V.S.; Cmorejova, J.; Davis, C.; Müller, D.J. Genetic similarities between compulsive overeating and addiction phenotypes: A case for “food addiction”? Curr. Psychiatry Rep., 2015, 17(12), 96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-015-0634-5] [PMID: 26478196]
[37]
Aviram-Friedman, R.; Kafri, L.; Baz, G.; Alyagon, U.; Zangen, A. Prisoners of addictive cues: Biobehavioral markers of overweight and obese adults with food addiction. Nutrients, 2020, 12, 3563.
[38]
Moore, C.F.; Sabino, V.; Koob, G.F.; Cottone, P. Pathological overeating: Emerging evidence for a compulsivity construct. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017, 42(7), 1375-1389.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.269] [PMID: 27922596]
[39]
Hebebrand, J.; Albayrak, Ö.; Adan, R.; Antel, J.; Dieguez, C.; de Jong, J.; Leng, G.; Menzies, J.; Mercer, J.G.; Murphy, M.; van der Plasse, G.; Dickson, S.L. “Eating addiction”, rather than “food addiction”, better captures addictive-like eating behavior. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 2014, 47, 295-306.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.016] [PMID: 25205078]
[40]
Schulte, E.M.; Sonneville, K.R.; Gearhardt, A.N. Subjective experiences of highly processed food consumption in individuals with food addiction. Psychol. Addict. Behav., 2019, 33(2), 144-153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000441] [PMID: 30628798]
[41]
Sarkar, S.; Kochhar, K.P.; Addiction, N.A.K.F. Psychological and physiological trajectory. Nutrients, 2019, 11, 2785.
[42]
Sinha, R. Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity. Biol. Psychol., 2018, 131, 5-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.05.001] [PMID: 28479142]
[43]
Sinha, R.; Jastreboff, A.M. Stress as a common risk factor for obesity and addiction. Biol. Psychiatry, 2013, 73(9), 827-835.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.032] [PMID: 23541000]
[44]
Tetley, A.; Brunstrom, J.; Griffiths, P. Individual differences in food-cue reactivity. The role of BMI and everyday portion-size selections. Appetite, 2009, 52(3), 614-620.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.005] [PMID: 19501758]
[45]
Lindgren, E.; Gray, K.; Miller, G.; Tyler, R.; Wiers, C.E.; Volkow, N.D.; Wang, G.J. Food addiction: A common neurobiological mechanism with drug abuse. Front. Biosci., 2018, 23(5), 811-836.
[PMID: 28930574]
[46]
Gearhardt, A.N.; Corbin, W.R.; Brownell, K.D. Preliminary validation of the Yale food addiction scale. Appetite, 2009, 52(2), 430-436.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.12.003] [PMID: 19121351]
[47]
Gearhardt, A.N.; Corbin, W.R.; Brownell, K.D. Development of the Yale food addiction scale version 2.0. Psychol. Addict. Behav., 2016, 30(1), 113-121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000136] [PMID: 26866783]
[48]
Penzenstadler, L.; Soares, C.; Karila, L.; Khazaal, Y. Systematic review of food addiction as measured with the Yale food addiction scale: Implications for the food addiction construct. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2019, 17(6), 526-538.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666181108093520] [PMID: 30406740]
[49]
Long, C.G.; Blundell, J.E.; Finlayson, G. A systematic review of the application and correlates of YFAS diagnosed food addiction’ in humans: Are eating-related addictions’ a cause for concern or empty concepts? Obes. Facts, 2015, 8(6), 386-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442403] [PMID: 26633647]
[50]
Pursey, K.M.; Stanwell, P.; Gearhardt, A.N.; Collins, C.E.; Burrows, T.L. The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale food addiction scale: A systematic review. Nutrients, 2014, 6(10), 4552-4590.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu6104552] [PMID: 25338274]
[51]
Ivezaj, V.; Wiedemann, A.A.; Grilo, C.M. Food addiction and bariatric surgery: A systematic review of the literature. Obes. Rev., 2017, 18(12), 1386-1397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.12600] [PMID: 28948684]
[52]
Carr, M.M.; Catak, P.D.; Pejsa-Reitz, M.C.; Saules, K.K.; Gearhardt, A.N. Measurement invariance of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 across gender and racial groups. Psychol. Assess., 2017, 29(8), 1044-1052.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000403] [PMID: 27893229]
[53]
Pedram, P.; Wadden, D.; Amini, P. Food addiction: Its prevalence and significant association with obesity in the general population. PLoS One, 2013, 8, e74832.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074832]
[54]
Bankoff, S.M.; Richards, L.K.; Bartlett, B.; Wolf, E.J.; Mitchell, K.S. Examining weight and eating behavior by sexual orientation in a sample of male veterans. Compr. Psychiatry, 2016, 68, 134-139.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.03.007] [PMID: 27234194]
[55]
Volkow, N.D.; Wang, G.J.; Tomasi, D.; Baler, R.D. Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps. Obes. Rev., 2013, 14(1), 2-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01031.x] [PMID: 23016694]
[56]
Simpson, K.A.; Bloom, S.R. Appetite and hedonism: Gut hormones and the brain. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am., 2010, 39(4), 729-743.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2010.08.001] [PMID: 21095541]
[57]
Ahima, R.S.; Antwi, D.A. Brain regulation of appetite and satiety. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am., 2008, 37(4), 811-823.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2008.08.005] [PMID: 19026933]
[58]
Murray, S.; Tulloch, A.; Gold, M.S.; Avena, N.M. Hormonal and neural mechanisms of food reward, eating behaviour and obesity. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol., 2014, 10(9), 540-552.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2014.91] [PMID: 24958311]
[59]
Cifani, C.; Polidori, C.; Melotto, S.; Ciccocioppo, R.; Massi, M. A preclinical model of binge eating elicited by yo-yo dieting and stressful exposure to food: Effect of sibutramine, fluoxetine, topiramate, and midazolam. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2009, 204(1), 113-125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1442-y] [PMID: 19125237]
[60]
Berthoud, H.R. The neurobiology of food intake in an obesogenic environment. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2012, pp. 1- 10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665112000602]
[61]
Baler, R.D.; Volkow, N.D. Drug addiction: The neurobiology of disrupted self-control. Trends Mol. Med., 2006, 12(12), 559-566.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2006.10.005] [PMID: 17070107]
[62]
Roberts, C.J. The effects of stress on food choice, mood and body weight in healthy women. Nutr. Bull., 2008, 33(1), 33-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00666.x]
[63]
Schulte, E.M.; Grilo, C.M.; Gearhardt, A.N. Shared and unique mechanisms underlying binge eating disorder and addictive disorders. Clin. Psychol. Rev., 2016, 44, 125-139.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.02.001] [PMID: 26879210]
[64]
Gearhardt, A.N.; White, M.A.; Potenza, M.N. Binge eating disorder and food addiction. Curr. Drug Abuse Rev., 2011, 4(3), 201-207.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874473711104030201] [PMID: 21999695]
[65]
Berridge, K.C. ‘Liking’ and ‘wanting’ food rewards: Brain substrates and roles in eating disorders. Physiol. Behav., 2009, 97(5), 537-550.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.044] [PMID: 19336238]
[66]
Reuter, J.; Raedler, T.; Rose, M.; Hand, I.; Gläscher, J.; Büchel, C. Pathological gambling is linked to reduced activation of the mesolimbic reward system. Nat. Neurosci., 2005, 8(2), 147-148.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1378] [PMID: 15643429]
[67]
Weygandt, M.; Schaefer, A.; Schienle, A.; Haynes, J.D. Diagnosing different binge-eating disorders based on reward-related brain activation patterns. Hum. Brain Mapp., 2012, 33(9), 2135-2146.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21345] [PMID: 22887826]
[68]
Wang, G.J.; Geliebter, A.; Volkow, N.D.; Telang, F.W.; Logan, J.; Jayne, M.C.; Galanti, K.; Selig, P.A.; Han, H.; Zhu, W.; Wong, C.T.; Fowler, J.S. Enhanced striatal dopamine release during food stimulation in binge eating disorder. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2011, 19(8), 1601-1608.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.27] [PMID: 21350434]
[69]
Potenza, M.N.; Grilo, C.M. How relevant is food craving to obesity and its treatment? Front. Psychiatry, 2014, 5, 164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00164] [PMID: 25477827]
[70]
Li, C.S.; Sinha, R. Inhibitory control and emotional stress regulation: Neuroimaging evidence for frontal-limbic dysfunction in psycho-stimulant addiction. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 2008, 32(3), 581-597.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.10.003] [PMID: 18164058]
[71]
Berg, K.C.; Peterson, C.B.; Crosby, R.D.; Cao, L.; Crow, S.J.; Engel, S.G.; Wonderlich, S.A. Relationship between daily affect and overeating-only, loss of control eating-only, and binge eating episodes in obese adults. Psychiatry Res., 2014, 215(1), 185-191.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.023] [PMID: 24200217]
[72]
Meule, A.; Lutz, A.; Vögele, C.; Kübler, A. Women with elevated food addiction symptoms show accelerated reactions, but no impaired inhibitory control, in response to pictures of high-calorie food-cues. Eat. Behav., 2012, 13(4), 423-428.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.08.001] [PMID: 23121803]
[73]
Pivarunas, B.; Conner, B.T. Impulsivity and emotion dysregulation as predictors of food addiction. Eat. Behav., 2015, 19, 9-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.06.007] [PMID: 26164390]
[74]
Davis, C.; Patte, K.; Curtis, C.; Reid, C. Immediate pleasures and future consequences. A neuropsychological study of binge eating and obesity. Appetite, 2010, 54(1), 208-213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.11.002] [PMID: 19896515]
[75]
Gearhardt, A.N.; Boswell, R.G.; Potenza, M.N. Neuroimaging of eating disorders, substance use disorders, and addictions: Overlapping and unique systems. In: Brewerton, T.D.; Baker Dennis, A., Eds.; Eating Disorders, Addictions and Substance Use Disorders; Springer: Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 71-89.
[76]
Burrows, T.; Kay-Lambkin, F.; Pursey, K.; Skinner, J.; Dayas, C. Food addiction and associations with mental health symptoms: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet., 2018, 31(4), 544-572.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12532] [PMID: 29368800]
[77]
Blume, M.; Schmidt, R.; Hilbert, A. Executive functioning in obesity, food addiction, and binge-eating disorder. Nutrients, 2019, 11, 54.
[78]
Dingemans, A.E.; van Furth, E.F. Binge eating disorder psychopathology in normal weight and obese individuals. Int. J. Eat. Disord., 2012, 45(1), 135-138.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.20905] [PMID: 22170025]
[79]
Davis, C.; Curtis, C.; Levitan, R.D.; Carter, J.C.; Kaplan, A.S.; Kennedy, J.L. Evidence that ‘food addiction’ is a valid phenotype of obesity. Appetite, 2011, 57(3), 711-717.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.08.017] [PMID: 21907742]
[80]
Burrows, T.; Skinner, J.; McKenna, R.; Rollo, M. Food addiction, binge eating disorder, and obesity: Is there a relationship? Behav. Sci. (Basel), 2017, 7(3), 54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs7030054] [PMID: 28805749]
[81]
Gearhardt, A.N.; White, M.A.; Masheb, R.M.; Grilo, C.M. An examination of food addiction in a racially diverse sample of obese patients with binge eating disorder in primary care settings. Compr. Psychiatry, 2013, 54(5), 500-505.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.009] [PMID: 23332551]
[82]
Kessler, R.M.; Hutson, P.H.; Herman, B.K.; Potenza, M.N. The neurobiological basis of binge-eating disorder. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 2016, 63, 223-238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.013] [PMID: 26850211]
[83]
Hauck, C.; Weiß, A.; Schulte, E.M.; Meule, A.; Ellrott, T. Prevalence of “food addiction” as measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2•0 in a representative German sample and its association with sex, age and weight categories. Obes. Facts, 2017, 10(1), 12-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000456013] [PMID: 28190017]
[84]
Granero, R.; Hilker, I.; Agüera, Z.; Jiménez-Murcia, S.; Sauchelli, S.; Islam, M.A.; Fagundo, A.B.; Sánchez, I.; Riesco, N.; Dieguez, C.; Soriano, J.; Salcedo-Sánchez, C.; Casanueva, F.F.; De la Torre, R.; Menchón, J.M.; Gearhardt, A.N.; Fernández-Aranda, F. Food addiction in a Spanish sample of eating disorders: DSM-5 diagnostic subtype differentiation and validation data. Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev., 2014, 22(6), 389-396.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/erv.2311] [PMID: 25139680]
[85]
Hauck, C.; Schipfer, M.; Ellrott, T. ‘Always do your best!’ – The relationship between food addiction, exercise dependence, and perfectionism in amateur athletes. Ger. J. Exerc. Sport Res., 2019, 50, 114-122.
[86]
Müller, A.; Leukefeld, C.; Hase, C.; Gruner, K.; Mall, J.W.; Köhler, H.; Zwaan, M. De Food addiction and other addictive behaviours in bariatric surgery candidates. Eur. Eat. Disord., 2018, 26, 1-12.
[87]
Guerrero Pérez, F.; Sánchez-González, J.; Sánchez, I.; Jiménez-Murcia, S.; Granero, R.; Simó-Servat, A.; Ruiz, A.; Virgili, N.; López-Urdiales, R.; Montserrat-Gil de Bernabe, M.; Garrido, P.; Monseny, R.; García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela, A.; Pujol-Gebelli, J.; Monasterio, C.; Salord, N.; Gearhardt, A.N.; Carlson, L.; Menchón, J.M.; Vilarrasa, N.; Fernández-Aranda, F. Food addiction and preoperative weight loss achievement in patients seeking bariatric surgery. Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev., 2018, 26(6), 645-656.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/erv.2649] [PMID: 30353597]
[88]
Murray, S.M.; Tweardy, S.; Geliebter, A.; Avena, N.M. A longitudinal preliminary study of addiction-like responses to food and alcohol consumption among individuals undergoing weight loss surgery. Obes. Surg., 2019, 29(8), 2700-2703.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-019-03915-3] [PMID: 31147822]
[89]
Jiménez-Murcia, S.; Agüera, Z.; Paslakis, G.; Munguia, L.; Granero, R.; Sánchez-González, J.; Sánchez, I.; Riesco, N.; Gearhardt, A.N.; Dieguez, C.; Fazia, G.; Segura-García, C.; Baenas, I.; Menchón, J.M.; Fernández-Aranda, F. Food addiction in eating disorders and obesity: Analysis of clusters and implications for treatment. Nutrients, 2019, 11(11), 2633.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112633] [PMID: 31684127]
[90]
Blaine, B.; Rodman, J. Responses to weight loss treatment among obese individuals with and without BED: A matched-study meta-analysis. Eat. Weight Disord., 2007, 12(2), 54-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03327579] [PMID: 17615489]
[91]
Grilo, C.M.; White, M.A. Orlistat with behavioral weight loss for obesity with versus without binge eating disorder: Randomized placebo-controlled trial at a community mental health center serving educationally and economically disadvantaged Latino/as. Behav. Res. Ther., 2013, 51(3), 167-175.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.01.002] [PMID: 23376451]
[92]
Defronzo, R.A. Bromocriptine: A sympatholytic, d2-dopamine agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2011, 34(4), 789-794.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc11-0064] [PMID: 21447659]
[93]
Novelle, M.G.; Diéguez, C. Food addiction and binge eating: Lessons learned from animal models. Nutrients, 2018, 10(1), 71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10010071] [PMID: 29324652]
[94]
Heo, Y.A.; Duggan, S.T. Lisdexamfetamine: A review in binge eating disorder. CNS Drugs, 2017, 31(11), 1015-1022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40263-017-0477-1] [PMID: 29134566]
[95]
Vickers, S.P.; Hackett, D.; Murray, F.; Hutson, P.H.; Heal, D.J. Effects of lisdexamfetamine in a rat model of binge-eating. J. Psychopharmacol., 2015, 29(12), 1290-1307.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881115615107] [PMID: 26589243]
[96]
Milano, W.; Grillo, F.; Del Mastro, A.; De Rosa, M.; Sanseverino, B.; Petrella, C.; Capasso, A. Appropriate intervention strategies for weight gain induced by olanzapine: A randomized controlled study. Adv. Ther., 2007, 24(1), 123-134.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02850000] [PMID: 17526469]
[97]
Ng, M.; Fleming, T.; Robinson, M.; Thomson, B.; Graetz, N.; Margono, C.; Mullany, E.C.; Biryukov, S.; Abbafati, C.; Abera, S.F.; Abraham, J.P.; Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.; Achoki, T.; AlBuhairan, F.S.; Alemu, Z.A.; Alfonso, R.; Ali, M.K.; Ali, R.; Guzman, N.A.; Ammar, W.; Anwari, P.; Banerjee, A.; Barquera, S.; Basu, S.; Bennett, D.A.; Bhutta, Z.; Blore, J.; Cabral, N.; Nonato, I.C.; Chang, J.C.; Chowdhury, R.; Courville, K.J.; Criqui, M.H.; Cundiff, D.K.; Dabhadkar, K.C.; Dandona, L.; Davis, A.; Dayama, A.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Ding, E.L.; Durrani, A.M.; Esteghamati, A.; Farzadfar, F.; Fay, D.F.; Feigin, V.L.; Flaxman, A.; Forouzanfar, M.H.; Goto, A.; Green, M.A.; Gupta, R.; Hafezi-Nejad, N.; Hankey, G.J.; Harewood, H.C.; Havmoeller, R.; Hay, S.; Hernandez, L.; Husseini, A.; Idrisov, B.T.; Ikeda, N.; Islami, F.; Jahangir, E.; Jassal, S.K.; Jee, S.H.; Jeffreys, M.; Jonas, J.B.; Kabagambe, E.K.; Khalifa, S.E.; Kengne, A.P.; Khader, Y.S.; Khang, Y.H.; Kim, D.; Kimokoti, R.W.; Kinge, J.M.; Kokubo, Y.; Kosen, S.; Kwan, G.; Lai, T.; Leinsalu, M.; Li, Y.; Liang, X.; Liu, S.; Logroscino, G.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lu, Y.; Ma, J.; Mainoo, N.K.; Mensah, G.A.; Merriman, T.R.; Mokdad, A.H.; Moschandreas, J.; Naghavi, M.; Naheed, A.; Nand, D.; Narayan, K.M.; Nelson, E.L.; Neuhouser, M.L.; Nisar, M.I.; Ohkubo, T.; Oti, S.O.; Pedroza, A.; Prabhakaran, D.; Roy, N.; Sampson, U.; Seo, H.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Shibuya, K.; Shiri, R.; Shiue, I.; Singh, G.M.; Singh, J.A.; Skirbekk, V.; Stapelberg, N.J.; Sturua, L.; Sykes, B.L.; Tobias, M.; Tran, B.X.; Trasande, L.; Toyoshima, H.; van de Vijver, S.; Vasankari, T.J.; Veerman, J.L.; Velasquez-Melendez, G.; Vlassov, V.V.; Vollset, S.E.; Vos, T.; Wang, C.; Wang, X.; Weiderpass, E.; Werdecker, A.; Wright, J.L.; Yang, Y.C.; Yatsuya, H.; Yoon, J.; Yoon, S.J.; Zhao, Y.; Zhou, M.; Zhu, S.; Lopez, A.D.; Murray, C.J.; Gakidou, E. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet, 2014, 384(9945), 766-781.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8] [PMID: 24880830]
[98]
Hutson, P.H.; Balodis, I.M.; Potenza, M.N. Binge-eating disorder: Clinical and therapeutic advances. Pharmacol. Ther., 2018, 182, 15-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.002] [PMID: 28830840]
[99]
Rodríguez-Martín, B.C.; Gallego-Arjiz, B. Overeaters anonymous: A mutual-help fellowship for food addiction recovery. Front. Psychol., 2018, 9, 1491.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01491] [PMID: 30177901]
[100]
Meule, A. A critical examination of the practical implications derived from the food addiction concept. Curr. Obes. Rep., 2019, 8(1), 11-17.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy