Title:Exploring the Recent Trends in Management of Dementia and Frailty:
Focus on Diagnosis and Treatment
Volume: 29
Issue: 32
Author(s): Md. Mominur Rahman*, Sadia Afsana Mim, Md. Rezaul Islam, Anwar Parvez, Fahadul Islam, Mohammad Borhan Uddin, Md. Saidur Rahaman, Pollob Ahmed Shuvo, Muniruddin Ahmed, Nigel H. Greig and Mohammad Amjad Kamal*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-
1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-
1207, Bangladesh
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers
Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University,
Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi
Arabia
- NSW; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee Place, Hebersham,
NSW 2770, Australia
Keywords:
Dementia, frailty, malnutrition, stroke, diagnosis, mediterranean diet.
Abstract: Dementia and frailty increase health adversities in older adults, which are topics
of growing research interest. Frailty is considered to correspond to a biological syndrome
associated with age. Frail patients may ultimately develop multiple dysfunctions
across several systems, including stroke, transient ischemic attack, vascular dementia,
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy
bodies, cortico-basal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Patients with dementia and frailty often develop malnutrition
and weight loss. Rigorous nutritional, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological
interventions generally are required for these patients, which is a challenging issue
for healthcare providers. A healthy diet and lifestyle instigated at an early age can reduce
the risk of frailty and dementia. For optimal treatment, accurate diagnosis involving clinical
evaluation, cognitive screening, essential laboratory evaluation, structural imaging,
functional neuroimaging, and neuropsychological testing is necessary. Diagnosis procedures
best apply the clinical diagnosis, identifying the cause(s) and the condition(s) appropriate
for treatment. The patient's history, caregiver's interview, physical examination,
cognitive evaluation, laboratory tests, and structural imaging should best be involved in
the diagnostic process. Varying types of physical exercise can aid the treatment of these
disorders. Nutrition maintenance is a particularly significant factor, such as exceptionally
high-calorie dietary supplements and a Mediterranean diet to support weight gain. The
core purpose of this article is to investigate trends in the management of dementia and
frailty, focusing on improving diagnosis and treatment. Substantial evidence builds the
consensus that a combination of balanced nutrition and good physical activity is an integral
part of treatment. Notably, more evidence-based medicine knowledge is required.
