Title:Melatonin As An Antioxidant Agent In Disease Prevention: A Biochemical
Focus
Volume: 19
Issue: 11
Author(s): Morteza Akhzari, Mahdi Barazesh*Sajad Jalili*
Affiliation:
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of
Medicine, Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Keywords:
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, disease, free radical scavenging, melatonin, oxidative stress.
Abstract: In recent years, free radicals and oxidative stress are associated with aging, cancer, atherosclerosis,
neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. Confirming the role of oxidants
in numerous pathological situations, including cancer, developing antioxidants as therapeutic
platforms are needed. It has been well established that melatonin and its derived metabolites function
as endogenous free-radical scavengers and broad-spectrum antioxidants. To achieve this function, melatonin
can directly detoxify reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species and indirectly overexpress
antioxidant enzymes while suppressing the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes. Many investigations have
also confirmed the role of melatonin and its derivatives in different physiological processes and therapeutic
functions, such as controlling the circadian rhythm and immune functions. This review aimed to
focus on melatonin as a beneficial agent for the stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of
lipid peroxidation and to evaluate its contribution to protection against oxidative damages. In addition,
the clinical application of melatonin in several diseases is discussed. Finally, the safety and efficacy of
melatonin in clinical backgrounds are also reviewed.