Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Recent Advances in Food, Nutrition & Agriculture

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2772-574X
ISSN (Online): 2772-5758

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Short Communication

Study the Pharmacognostic Profile, Antiradical and Hepatoprotective Potential of Carissa carandas Linn. Fruit Extract

Author(s): Sonia Singh* and Nitin Agarwal

Volume 13, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 14 April, 2022

Page: [120 - 131] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/2212798412666220302163553

Price: $65

Abstract

Aims: Carissa carandas Linn. is a thorny shrub (Family: Apocynaceae), commonly called Karonda. The shrub can be grown in tropical and subtropical climate regions.

Methods and Materials: The objective of the experimental work was to analyze the efficacy of fruit extract of C. carandas Linn. with respect to the hepatoprotective property using supportive evidence of in vitro and in vivo antiradical activity. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic fruit extract was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide free radical scavenging assay, using Ascorbic acid as a standard drug. Oral administration of C. carandas Linn. ethanolic fruit extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) revealed a considerable marked protection property against acute hepatotoxicity induced by the carbon tetrachloride, moreover, that has been evaluated in terms of biochemical parameters.

Results: Administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induce amplified levels of serum biomarker enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood serum with attenuated in-vivo antioxidant enzymes levels such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase in hepatic tissues. The administration of fruit extract would reduce the CCl4- induced hepatic toxicity; these effects may be due to the presence of phytochemicals including carbohydrates, tannins, phenolic components and flavonoids. However, HPLC and TLC studies would ensure the presence of gallic and quercetin in the ethanolic fruit extract of the plant.

Conclusion: The ethanolic fruit extract of C. carandas Linn. exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity which could be partly imputed to its both in-vitro as well as in-vivo antioxidant property, together with effective total phenolic and total flavonoid content and thus concedes for further findings.

Keywords: C. carandas, carbon tetrachloride, flavonoid, hepatoprotective, microscopy, organoleptic phenolic content.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Arhoghro, E.M.; Ekpo, K.E.; Anosike, E.O.; Ibeh, G.O. Effect of aqueous extract of bitter leaf (VernoniaAmygdalina Del) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino Wistar rats. Eur. J. Sci. Res., 2009, 26(1), 12-30.
[2]
Lee, C.H.; Park, S.W.; Kim, Y.S.; Kang, S.S.; Kim, J.A.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, S.M. Protective mechanism of glycyrrhizin on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2007, 30(10), 1898-1904.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.1898] [PMID: 17917259]
[3]
Ekor, M. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front. Pharmacol., 2014, 4, 177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00177] [PMID: 24454289]
[4]
Rao, G.M.; Rao, C.V.; Pushpangadan, P.; Shirwaikar, A. Hepatoprotective effects of rubiadin, a major constituent of Rubia cordifolia Linn. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 103(3), 484-490.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.073] [PMID: 16213120]
[5]
Kumar, A. A review on hepatoprotective herbal drugs. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem., 2012, 2(1), 96-102.
[6]
Nema, A.K.; Agarwal, A.; Kashaw, V. Hepatoprotective activity of Leptadenia reticulata stems against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Indian J. Pharmacol., 2011, 43(3), 254-257.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.81507] [PMID: 21713086]
[7]
Tesfaye, T.; Ravichadran, Y.D. Traditional uses, pharmacological action and phytochemical analysis of Carissa carandas Linn.: A review. Nat. Prod. Chem. Res., 2018, 6(334), 27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000334]
[8]
Singh, A.; Uppal, Gk. A review on Carissa carandas Ǧ phytochemistry, ethnoǧpharmacology, and micropropagation as conservation strategy. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2015, 8(3), 26-30.
[9]
Arif, M.; Kamal, M.; Jawaid, T.; Khalid, M.; Saini, K.S.; Kumar, A.; Ahmad, M. Carissa carandas Linn. (Karonda): An exotic minor plant fruit with immense value in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Asian J. Biomed. Pharmaceuti. Sci., 2016, 6(58), 14-19.
[10]
Anupama, N.; Madhumitha, G.; Rajesh, K.S. Role of dried fruits of Carissa carandas as anti-inflammatory agents and the analysis of phytochemical constituents by GC-MS. BioMed Res. Int., 2014, 2014, 512369.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/512369] [PMID: 24877106]
[11]
Chatterjee, A.; Satyesh, C.P. The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants; National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources: New Delhi, 1994.
[12]
Rangari, V.D. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1st ed; Carrier Publication: New Delhi, 2000.
[13]
Kokate, C.K. Pharmacognosy, 32nd ed; NiraliPrakashan: Pune, 1999.
[14]
Ainsworth, E.A.; Gillespie, K.M. Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Nat. Protoc., 2007, 2(4), 875-877.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.102] [PMID: 17446889]
[15]
Zhao, L.J.; Liu, W.; Xiong, S.H.; Tang, J.; Lou, Z.H.; Xie, M.X.; Xia, B.H.; Lin, L.M.; Liao, D.F. Determination of total flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba leaf by near-infrared reflectance method. Int. J. Anal. Chem., 2018, 2018, 8195784.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8195784] [PMID: 30154851]
[16]
Gülçin, İ; Elias, R; Gepdiremen, A; Boyer, L Antioxidant activity of lignans from fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus L.) Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2006, 223(6), 759-767.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0265-5]
[17]
Nabavi, S.M.; Ebrahimzadeh, M.A.; Nabavi, S.F.; Hamidinia, A.; Bekhradnia, A.R. Determination of antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoids content of Parrotiapersica Mey. Pharmacologyonline, 2008, 2(9), 560-567.
[18]
Parul, R.; Kundu, S.K.; Saha, P. In vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity of methanol extracts of three Bangladeshi medicinal plants. Pharma Innov., 2013, 1(12, Part A), 83.
[19]
OECD O. 423-Guidelines for the testing of chemicals Acute oral toxicity-Fixed dose procedure. Animals (Basel), 2001.
[20]
Adesanoye, O.A.; Farombi, E.O. Hepatoprotective effects of Vernonia amygdalina (astereaceae) in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 2010, 62(2), 197-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2009.05.008] [PMID: 19581077]
[21]
Kumar, P. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of tubers of Momordica tuberosa Cogn. against CCl 4 induced liver injury in rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2008, 46(7), 510-513.
[22]
Sapakal, V.D.; Shikalgar, T.S.; Ghadge, R.V.; Adnaik, R.S.; Naikwade, N.S.; Magdum, C.S. In vivo screening of antioxidant profile: A review. J. Herbal Med. Toxicol., 2008, 2(2), 1-8.
[23]
Nagalekshmi, R.; Menon, A.; Chandrasekharan, D.K.; Nair, C.K. Hepatoprotective activity of Andrographis paniculata and Swertia chirayita. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2011, 49(12), 3367-3373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.026] [PMID: 21983487]
[24]
Góth, L. A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range. Clin. Chim. Acta, 1991, 196(2-3), 143-151.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(91)90067-M] [PMID: 2029780]
[25]
Hamza, A.A. Ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera Lam seed extract on liver fibrosis in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2010, 48(1), 345-355.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.022] [PMID: 19854235]
[26]
Hwang, Y.P.; Choi, J.H.; Jeong, H.G. Protective effect of the Aralia continentalis root extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2009, 47(1), 75-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.011] [PMID: 18984026]
[27]
Olaleye, M.T.; Akinmoladun, A.C.; Ogunboye, A.A.; Akindahunsi, A.A. Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective property of leaf extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2010, 48(8-9), 2200-2205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.047] [PMID: 20553784]
[28]
Malhotra, S.; Singh, A.; Munjal, G. Hepatotoxic potential of commonly used herbal products. Gastroenterol. Today, 2001, 5, 110-111.
[29]
Nkosi, C.Z.; Opoku, A.R.; Terblanche, S.E. Effect of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the activity levels of certain plasma enzymes in CCl4-induced liver injury in low-protein fed rats. Phytother. Res., 2005, 19(4), 341-345.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1685] [PMID: 16041732]
[30]
Recknagel, R.O. Carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity: Status quo and future prospects. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 1983, 4, 129-131.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(83)90328-0]
[31]
Recknagel, R.O.; Glende, E.A., Jr; Dolak, J.A.; Waller, R.L. Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Pharmacol. Ther., 1989, 43(1), 139-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(89)90050-8] [PMID: 2675128]
[32]
Shrififar, F.; Yassa, F.; Shafiee, A. Antioxidant activity of Otostegia persica (Labiatae) and its constituents. Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 2010, 2(4), 235-239.
[33]
Sheweita, S.A.; El-Gabar, M.A.; Bastawy, M. Carbon tetrachloride changes the activity of cytochrome P450 system in the liver of male rats: Role of antioxidants. Toxicology, 2001, 169(2), 83-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00473-5] [PMID: 11718950]
[34]
Kalantari, H.; Foruozandeh, H.; Khodayar, M.J.; Siahpoosh, A.; Saki, N.; Kheradmand, P. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Capparis spinosa L. fractions and Quercetin on tert-butyl hydroperoxide- induced acute liver damage in mice. J. Tradit. Complement. Med., 2017, 8(1), 120-127.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.04.010] [PMID: 29321999]
[35]
Guo, S.; Guo, T.; Cheng, N.; Liu, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Bai, L.; Zhang, L.; Cao, W.; Ho, C.T.; Bai, N. Hepatoprotective standardized EtOH-water extract from the seeds of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. J. Tradit. Complement. Med., 2016, 7(2), 158-164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.001] [PMID: 28417085]
[36]
Nita, M.; Grzybowski, A. The role of the reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of the age-related ocular diseases and other pathologies of the anterior and posterior eye segments in adults. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2016, 2016, 3164734.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3164734]
[37]
Fadaka, A.O.; Ajiboye, B.O.; Adewale, I.; Ojo, O.A.; Oyinloye, B.E.; Okesola, M.A. Significance of antioxidants in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. J. Phytopharmacol., 2019, 8(2), 75-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2019.8210]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
36
3
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy