![conference banner](/images/conference-banner.jpeg)
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors present in the central nervous system have been implicated in the modulation of motor functions. Accordingly, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists currently constitute an attractive non-dopaminergic option for use in the treatment of Parkinsons disease (PD). The highly enriched distributions of adenosine A2A receptors in striatopallidal neurons, and their ability to form functional heteromeric complexes with dopamine D2 and metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptors, render A2A receptor antagonists of particular interest in the modulation of motor behavior, whilst at the same time displaying a low predisposition to inducing non-motor side effects. Furthermore, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists appear to exert a marked efficacy on PD tremor and in reducing the progress of underlying neurodegeneration and maladaptive neuroplasticity that complicates standard dopamine replacement treatments in PD. Finally, recent evidence has illustrated an improvement of cognitive function as well as enhancement of attention in rodents following administration of A2A receptor antagonists. This article is aimed at examining preclinical studies describing these findings as well as reports from clinical trials, in order to provide a comprehensive review of the evidence suggesting that this class of drugs may represent an advance in the treatment of PD.
Keywords: Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, Parkinson's disease, Basal Ganglia, clinical trials, neuroprotection, L-DOPA, dyskinesia, motor dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists and Parkinsons Disease: State of the Art and Future Directions
Volume: 14 Issue: 15
Author(s): N. Simola, M. Morelli and A. Pinna
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, Parkinson's disease, Basal Ganglia, clinical trials, neuroprotection, L-DOPA, dyskinesia, motor dysfunction
Abstract: Adenosine A2A receptors present in the central nervous system have been implicated in the modulation of motor functions. Accordingly, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists currently constitute an attractive non-dopaminergic option for use in the treatment of Parkinsons disease (PD). The highly enriched distributions of adenosine A2A receptors in striatopallidal neurons, and their ability to form functional heteromeric complexes with dopamine D2 and metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptors, render A2A receptor antagonists of particular interest in the modulation of motor behavior, whilst at the same time displaying a low predisposition to inducing non-motor side effects. Furthermore, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists appear to exert a marked efficacy on PD tremor and in reducing the progress of underlying neurodegeneration and maladaptive neuroplasticity that complicates standard dopamine replacement treatments in PD. Finally, recent evidence has illustrated an improvement of cognitive function as well as enhancement of attention in rodents following administration of A2A receptor antagonists. This article is aimed at examining preclinical studies describing these findings as well as reports from clinical trials, in order to provide a comprehensive review of the evidence suggesting that this class of drugs may represent an advance in the treatment of PD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Simola N., Morelli M. and Pinna A., Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists and Parkinsons Disease: State of the Art and Future Directions, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2008; 14 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208784480072
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208784480072 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Blood-based biomarkers in large-scale screening for neurodegenerative diseases
Disease biomarkers are necessary tools that can be employ in several clinical context of use (COU), ranging from the (early) diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, to monitor of disease state and/or drug efficacy. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a battery of well-validated biomarkers are available, such as cerebrospinal fluid ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Diabetes mellitus: advances in diagnosis and treatment driving by precision medicine
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with ever increasing prevalence worldwide which is now an epidemic disease affecting 500 million people worldwide. Insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells unable to maintain blood glucose homeostasis is the main feature of this disease. Multifactorial and complex nature of ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
![Wayfinder Image](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Pharmacological Potential of Exercise and RAS Vasoactive Peptides for Prevention of Diseases
Current Protein & Peptide Science Diterpenes: A Therapeutic Promise for Cardiovascular Diseases
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Relationship between Augmentation Index and Wall Thickening Fraction during Hypotension in an Animal Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion and Heart Failure
Current Hypertension Reviews Scope and Limitations of The Co-Drug Approach to Topical Drug Delivery
Current Pharmaceutical Design Phenomenology and Neurobiology of Childhood Onset Schizophrenia
Current Psychiatry Reviews Fluparoxan: A Comprehensive Review of its Discovery, Adrenergic and CNS Activity and Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Central Neurodegenerative Diseases
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Beta-Blockers and Nitrates: Pharmacotherapy and Indications
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Modulators and Cardiac Arrhythmias: An Update
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Critical Review of Atypical Antipsychotic Utilization: Comparing Monotherapy with Polypharmacy and Augmentation
Current Medicinal Chemistry QTc Prolongation to Predict Mortality in Patients Admitted with COVID-19 Infection: An Observational Study
Current Vascular Pharmacology Drug Repurposing for Retinoblastoma: Recent Advances
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Functional Schema for Drug Classification
Current Diabetes Reviews Current Options in the Treatment of Mast Cell Mediator-Related Symptoms in Mastocytosis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Understanding the Use of Immunosuppressive Agents in the Clinical Management of IBD
Current Drug Targets The Use of Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Antirheumatic Drugs: Implications for Clinical Practice and Research
Current Pharmaceutical Design Acute Phase Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism
Current Vascular Pharmacology Toll-Like Receptors and their Role in Renal Pathologies
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Contemporary Treatment of Amyloid Heart Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Drug-Induced Hypokalaemia
Current Drug Safety