Title:Consequences of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Headway and Metastasis of Cancer along with Novel Immunotherapies: A Great Promise for Future Endeavor
Volume: 22
Issue: 7
Author(s): Suman Kumar Ray and Sukhes Mukherjee*
Affiliation:
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
Keywords:
Extracellular matrix, cell-matrix interactions, matrix remodeling, hypoxia, tumor stroma, cancer-immunity cycle.
Abstract: Tissues are progressively molded by bidirectional correspondence between denizen cells and extracellular
matrix (ECM) via cell-matrix connections along with ECM remodeling. The composition and association of ECM are
spatiotemporally directed to control cell conduct and differentiation; however, dysregulation of ECM dynamics
prompts the development of diseases, for example, cancer. Emerging information demonstrates that hypoxia may have
decisive roles in metastasis. In addition, the sprawling nature of neoplastic cells and chaotic angiogenesis are increasingly
influencing microcirculation as well as altering the concentration of oxygen. In various regions of the tumor
microenvironment, hypoxia, an essential player in the multistep phase of cancer metastasis, is necessary. Hypoxia can
be turned into an advantage for selective cancer therapy because it is much more severe in tumors than in normal tissues.
Cellular matrix gives signaling cues that control cell behavior and organize cells' elements in tissue development
and homeostasis. The interplay between intrinsic factors of cancer cells themselves, including their genotype and signaling
networks, and extrinsic factors of tumor stroma, for example, ECM and ECM remodeling, together decide the
destiny and behavior of tumor cells. Tumor matrix encourages the development, endurance, and invasion of neoplastic
and immune cell activities to drive metastasis and debilitate treatment. Incipient evidence recommends essential parts
of tumor ECM segments and their remodeling in controlling each progression of the cancer-immunity cycle. Scientists
have discovered that tumor matrix dynamics as well as matrix remodeling in perspective to anti-tumor immune reactions
are especially important for matrix-based biomarkers recognition and followed by immunotherapy and targeting
specific drugs.