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摘要
背景:与其他皮肤癌相比,光动力疗法(PDT)由于黑色素的强吸收和在细胞保护方面的作用,对黑色素瘤的作用仍然差得多。肿瘤微环境(TME)在肿瘤进展中起着重要作用,而缺氧的TME是黑色素瘤进展到转移及其对PDT的耐药性的主要原因之一。缺氧也是头颈部实体肿瘤的一个特征,表明预后为阴性。 目的:本研究的目的是个性化和系统地描述针对TME,特别是缺氧的PDT治疗黑色素瘤和头颈部癌(异氢氰酸)的主要策略,并评估其目前的应用成功。 方法:使用PubMed在医学线和其他数据库中搜索关于抗黑色素瘤和异氢氰酸结合TME靶向和缺氧的最新出版物。 结果:在PDT治疗黑色素瘤和异氢氰酸中,控制缺氧水平非常重要,在不同的方法中,经常应用氧气自供系统。血管靶向性是很有前途的,但为了改善它,必须建立最佳的药物-光间隔时间和增加光敏剂在肿瘤血管系统中的积累的配方。另一方面,血管生成抑制剂的使用,如那些干扰VEGF信号传导的抑制剂,还不如预期的那么成功,需要进一步的研究。 结论:PDT与免疫治疗的联合应用不断发展,似乎是最有希望实现完整和持久的抗肿瘤效果。
关键词: 光动力疗法,光敏剂,肿瘤微环境,缺氧,黑色素瘤,头颈部癌症。
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